Dignan M, Michielutte R, Sharp P, Bahnson J, Young L, Beal P
Department of Family and Community Medicine, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27103.
J Community Health. 1990 Dec;15(6):369-75. doi: 10.1007/BF01324299.
Focus groups were used in the development of community-based public health education designed to reduce mortality from cervical cancer among black women in Forsyth County, North Carolina. The educational goals of this National Cancer Institute (NCI) funded project were to increase the proportion of black women, age 18 and older, who obtain Pap smears on a regular basis and return for followup care when necessary. A series of four focus groups were conducted to help develop the conceptual basis for designing educational messages and materials. The groups were led by a black, female professional focus group moderator, and explored a variety of health-related topics ranging from general, ordinary concerns of daily living to knowledge and attitudes about cancer screening. The group discussions suggested that health is regarded as very important to the target population, particularly when related to family functioning. Regarding the Pap smear, most women knew about the test, but had little awareness of its role in the early detection of cervical cancer. Fear and fatalism were clearly the dominant, top-of-mind reactions to cancer, and there was little differentiation among sites or types of cancer. Despite the overall pessimism, the groups agreed that early diagnosis and treatment provide the best hope for good outcomes with cancer.
焦点小组被用于开展基于社区的公共卫生教育，旨在降低北卡罗来纳州福赛斯县黑人女性宫颈癌死亡率。这个由美国国立癌症研究所（NCI）资助的项目的教育目标是提高18岁及以上定期进行巴氏涂片检查并在必要时返回接受后续护理的黑人女性比例。开展了一系列四个焦点小组，以帮助为设计教育信息和材料奠定概念基础。这些小组由一位黑人女性专业焦点小组主持人带领，探讨了从日常生活的一般普通问题到癌症筛查知识和态度等各种与健康相关的话题。小组讨论表明，健康对目标人群非常重要，尤其是与家庭功能相关时。关于巴氏涂片检查，大多数女性知道这项检查，但对其在宫颈癌早期检测中的作用了解甚少。恐惧和宿命论显然是对癌症最主要、最突出的反应，而且不同地点或癌症类型之间几乎没有差异。尽管总体持悲观态度，但各小组一致认为早期诊断和治疗为癌症取得良好结果提供了最大希望。
