Unursaikhan Otgonbayar, Lee Jung-Seok, Cha Jae-Kook, Park Jung-Chul, Jung Ui-Won, Kim Chang-Sung, Cho Kyoo-Sung, Choi Seong-Ho
Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.
J Periodontal Implant Sci. 2012 Jun;42(3):88-94. doi: 10.5051/jpis.2012.42.3.88. Epub 2012 Jun 30.
The use of appropriate instruments to clean surfaces with minimal change, is critical for the successful maintenance of a dental implant. However, there is no consensus about the type and methodology for such instruments. The aim of this study was to characterize changes in the roughness of titanium surfaces treated by various scaling instruments.
Thirty-seven identical disks (5 mm in diameter) were investigated in this study. The specimens were divided into eight groups according to the types of instrumentation and the angle of application. Ultrasonic scaling systems were applied on a titanium disk to simulate standard clinical conditions. The equipment included a piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler with a newly developed metallic tip (NS group), a piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler with a conventional tip (CS group), a piezoelectric root planer ultrasonic scaler with a conventional tip (PR group), and a plastic hand curette (PH group). In addition, the sites treated using piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler systems were divided two sub-groups: 15 and 45 degrees. The treated titanium surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the average surface roughness (Ra) and mean roughness profile depth (Rz) were measured with a profilometer.
SEM no significant changes in the titanium surfaces in the NS group, regardless of the angle of application. The PH group also showed no marked changes to the titanium surface, although some smoothening was observed. All CS and PR sites lost their original texture and showed irregular surfaces in SEM analysis. The profilometer analysis demonstrated that the roughness values (Ra and Rz) of the titanium surfaces increased in all, except the PH and NS groups, which showed roughness decreases relative to the untreated control group. The Ra value differed significantly between the NS and PR groups (P<0.05).
The results of this study indicated that changes in or damage to titanium surfaces might be more affected by the hardness of the scaler tip than by the application method. Within the limitations of this study, the newly developed metallic scaler tip might be especially suitable for peri-implant surface decontamination, due to its limited effects on the titanium surface.
使用合适的器械以最小程度的改变来清洁表面，对于成功维护牙种植体至关重要。然而，对于此类器械的类型和方法尚无共识。本研究的目的是表征经各种洁治器械处理后的钛表面粗糙度的变化。
本研究调查了37个相同的圆盘（直径5毫米）。根据器械类型和应用角度将标本分为八组。在钛盘上应用超声洁治系统以模拟标准临床条件。设备包括带有新开发金属尖端的压电超声洁治器（NS组）、带有传统尖端的压电超声洁治器（CS组）、带有传统尖端的压电根面平整超声洁治器（PR组）和塑料手动刮治器（PH组）。此外，使用压电超声洁治系统处理的部位分为两个亚组：15度和45度。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察处理后的钛表面，并用轮廓仪测量平均表面粗糙度（Ra）和平均粗糙度轮廓深度（Rz）。
SEM显示，无论应用角度如何，NS组钛表面均无明显变化。PH组钛表面也未显示明显变化，尽管观察到一些表面平滑现象。所有CS组和PR组部位在SEM分析中均失去了原始纹理并显示出不规则表面。轮廓仪分析表明，除PH组和NS组外，所有钛表面的粗糙度值（Ra和Rz）均增加，相对于未处理的对照组，这两组的粗糙度降低。NS组和PR组之间的Ra值差异显著（P<0.05）。
本研究结果表明，钛表面的变化或损伤可能更多地受洁治器尖端硬度的影响，而非应用方法。在本研究的局限性内，新开发的金属洁治器尖端可能特别适用于种植体周围表面去污，因为其对钛表面的影响有限。
