Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
Br J Psychol. 2012 Aug;103(3):359-77. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8295.2011.02079.x. Epub 2011 Oct 20.
Using data from Italy, Spain, and Germany (N= 1,569), this study investigated the role of basic values (universalism and security) and basic traits (openness and agreeableness) in predicting perceptions of the consequences of immigration. In line with Schwartz's (1992) theory, we conceptualized security as having two distinct components, one concerned with safety of the self (personal security) and the other with harmony and stability of larger groups and of society (group security). Structural equation modelling revealed that universalism values underlie perceptions that immigration has positive consequences and group security values underlie perceptions that it has negative consequences. Personal security makes no unique, additional contribution. Multi-group analyses revealed that these associations are invariant across the three countries except for a stronger link between universalism and perceptions of the consequences of immigration in Spain. To examine whether values mediate relations of traits to perceptions of immigration, we used the five-factor model. Findings supported a full mediation model. Individuals' traits of openness and agreeableness explained significant variance in security and universalism values. Basic values, in turn, explained perceptions of the consequences of immigration.
本研究使用来自意大利、西班牙和德国的数据（N=1569），探讨了基本价值观（普遍性和安全性）和基本特质（开放性和宜人性）在预测对移民后果的看法中的作用。根据施瓦茨（Schwartz）的（1992）理论，我们将安全性概念化为具有两个不同的组成部分，一个与自我安全（个人安全性）有关，另一个与更大群体和社会的和谐与稳定（群体安全性）有关。结构方程模型显示，普遍性价值观是移民产生积极后果的看法的基础，而群体安全价值观是移民产生消极后果的看法的基础。个人安全没有独特的、额外的贡献。多组分析表明，这些关联在三个国家中是不变的，除了西班牙的普遍性与对移民后果的看法之间的联系更强之外。为了检验价值观是否在特质与对移民的看法之间起中介作用，我们使用了五因素模型。研究结果支持完全中介模型。个体的开放性和宜人性特质解释了安全性和普遍性价值观的显著差异。反过来，基本价值观又解释了对移民后果的看法。
