Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Research (INFU), TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany.
World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2012 Mar;28(3):1287-94. doi: 10.1007/s11274-011-0876-2. Epub 2011 Sep 9.
Azadirachtin A and its structural analogues are a well-known class of natural insecticides having antifeedant and insect growth-regulating properties. These compounds are exclusive to the neem tree, Azadirachta indica A. Juss, from where they are currently sourced. Here we report for the first time, the isolation and characterization of a novel endophytic fungus from A. indica, which produces azadirachtin A and B in rich mycological medium (Sabouraud dextrose broth), under shake-flask fermentation conditions. The fungus was identified as Eupenicillium parvum by ITS analysis (ITS1 and ITS2 regions and the intervening 5.8S rDNA region). Azadirachtin A and B were identified and quantified by LC-HRMS and LC-HRMS(2), and by comparison with the authentic reference standards. The biosynthesis of azadirachtin A and B by the cultured endophyte, which is also produced by the host neem plant, provides an exciting platform for further scientific exploration within both the ecological and biochemical contexts.
印苦楝素 A 及其结构类似物是一类众所周知的天然杀虫剂，具有拒食和昆虫生长调节特性。这些化合物是印苦楝树（Azadirachta indica A. Juss）所独有的，目前它们的来源就是这种树。在这里，我们首次报道了从印苦楝树中分离出的一种新型内生真菌，该真菌在丰富的真菌培养基（沙氏葡萄糖肉汤）中，在摇瓶发酵条件下产生印苦楝素 A 和 B。通过 ITS 分析（ITS1 和 ITS2 区域以及中间的 5.8S rDNA 区域），将该真菌鉴定为短小帚霉（Eupenicillium parvum）。通过 LC-HRMS 和 LC-HRMS(2) 并与真实参考标准进行比较，鉴定并定量了印苦楝素 A 和 B 的含量。由培养的内生真菌产生的印苦楝素 A 和 B 的生物合成，为在生态和生化背景下进一步的科学探索提供了一个令人兴奋的平台。
