Cui Lei, Yan Guoli, Bai Xuejun, Hyönä Jukka, Wang Suiping, Liversedge Simon P
Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, PR China.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2013;66(3):527-47. doi: 10.1080/17470218.2012.667423. Epub 2012 Apr 24.
Readers' eye movements were monitored as they read Chinese two-constituent compound words in sentence contexts. The first compound-word constituent was either an infrequent character with a highly predictable second constituent or a frequent character with an unpredictable second constituent. The parafoveal preview of the second constituent was manipulated, with four preview conditions: identical to the correct form; a semantically related character to the second constituent; a semantically unrelated character to the second constituent; and a pseudocharacter. An invisible boundary was set between the two constituents; when the eyes moved across the boundary, the previewed character was changed to its intended form. The main findings were that preview effects occurred for the second constituent of the compound word. Providing an incorrect preview of the second constituent affected fixations on the first constituent, but only when the second constituent was predictable from the first. The frequency of the initial character of the compound constrained the identity of the second character, and this in turn modulated the extent to which the semantic characteristics of the preview influenced processing of the second constituent and the compound word as a whole. The results are considered in relation to current accounts of Chinese compound-word recognition and the constraint hypothesis of Hyönä, Bertram, and Pollatsek ( 2004 ). We conclude that word identification in Chinese is flexible, and parafoveal processing of upcoming characters is influenced both by the characteristics of the fixated character and by its relationship with the characters in the parafovea.
当读者在句子语境中阅读中文双成分复合词时，他们的眼动情况受到监测。第一个复合词成分要么是一个低频字，其第二个成分具有高度可预测性；要么是一个高频字，其第二个成分具有不可预测性。对第二个成分的副中央凹预视进行了操控，设置了四种预视条件：与正确形式相同；与第二个成分语义相关的字；与第二个成分语义不相关的字；以及一个假字。在两个成分之间设置了一个不可见的边界；当眼睛越过边界时，预视的字会变为其预期形式。主要研究结果是，复合词的第二个成分出现了预视效应。提供第二个成分的错误预视会影响对第一个成分的注视，但只有当第二个成分可从第一个成分预测时才会如此。复合词首字的频率限制了第二个字的身份，这反过来又调节了预视的语义特征对第二个成分及整个复合词加工的影响程度。结合当前关于中文复合词识别的观点以及许纳、伯特伦和波拉特塞克（2004年）的约束假说对这些结果进行了考量。我们得出结论，中文的单词识别是灵活的，即将出现的字的副中央凹加工既受注视字的特征影响，也受其与副中央凹处字的关系影响。
