Amaral L, Claessens A L, Ferreirinha J E, Santos P J
Health Sciences School, University of Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2012 Aug;52(4):393-404.
The aims of this study were to investigate the ulnar variance in a group of skeletally immature female gymnasts of different age and skill level and to investigate the left-right differences in ulnar variance and its relationship with biological and training characteristics and handgrip strength.
Thirty-three Portuguese skeletally immature female gymnasts (mean age 11.1 years) of different age-related categories completed a questionnaire detailing their training characteristics. Besides maturation, stature, body mass, and body composition, also handgrip strength of both hands were measured. Left and right ulnar variance was obtained using Hafner's procedure and skeletal age through the Tanner-Whitehouse 3-method.
Mean skeletal age (10.1±1.9 yr) is one year younger than chronological age (11.1±2.1 yr) and this discrepancy becomes more pronounced with increasing age-category. Gymnasts presented on average 6.1 years of training and 16.7 hours/week. A negative mean value for both the left and right ulnar variance measures was observed (between -1.7 mm and -3.1 mm) but with increasing age-category there is a trend that ulnar variance becomes more positive (between +0.3 mm and -1 mm). Significant differences between right and left ulnar variance were demonstrated. Correlations between ulnar variance and biological and training characteristics and handgrip strength are rather low and not significant, except for skeletal age (r=0.38), stature (r=0.41) and fat-free mass (r=0.48).
Despite some significant results the main results of this study do not directly support the thesis that gymnastics training or handgrip strength are associated with ulnar variance.
本研究旨在调查一组不同年龄和技能水平的骨骼未成熟女性体操运动员的尺骨变异情况，并研究尺骨变异的左右差异及其与生物学和训练特征以及握力的关系。
33名不同年龄组的葡萄牙骨骼未成熟女性体操运动员（平均年龄11.1岁）完成了一份详细描述其训练特征的问卷。除了成熟度、身高、体重和身体成分外，还测量了双手的握力。使用哈夫纳（Hafner）方法获得左右尺骨变异，并通过坦纳 - 怀特豪斯（Tanner-Whitehouse）3法确定骨骼年龄。
平均骨骼年龄（10.1±1.9岁）比实际年龄（11.1±2.1岁）小1岁，且随着年龄组的增加，这种差异变得更加明显。体操运动员平均训练年限为6.1年，每周训练16.7小时。观察到左右尺骨变异测量值的平均值均为负（在 -1.7毫米至 -3.1毫米之间），但随着年龄组的增加，尺骨变异有变得更正的趋势（在 +0.3毫米至 -1毫米之间）。右尺骨变异和左尺骨变异之间存在显著差异。尺骨变异与生物学和训练特征以及握力之间的相关性较低且不显著，骨骼年龄（r = 0.38）、身高（r = 0.41）和去脂体重（r = 0.48）除外。
尽管有一些显著结果，但本研究的主要结果并未直接支持体操训练或握力与尺骨变异相关的论点。
