Science Integration Division, Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Ann Oncol. 2013 Jan;24(1):245-51. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mds235. Epub 2012 Jul 25.
Dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) have been related to the risk of selected cancers, but the issue remains open.
Mailed questionnaires were completed between 1994 and 1997 in eight Canadian provinces for incident, histologically confirmed cases of the stomach (n=1182), colon (n=1727), rectum (n=1447), liver (n=309), pancreas (n=628), lung (n=3341), breast (n=2362), ovary (n=442), prostate (n=1799), testis (n=686), kidney (n=1345), bladder (n=1029), brain (n=1009), non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL, n=1666), leukemias (n=1069), multiple myelomas (n=343), and 5039 population controls. Dietary information on eating habits 2 years before participants' enrollment in the study was obtained using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were derived by unconditional logistic regression including recognized confounding factors.
Dietary GI was positively associated with the risk of prostate cancer (OR, 1.26 for the highest versus the lowest quartile). A higher dietary GL significantly increased the risk of colorectal (OR, 1.28), rectal (OR, 1.44) and pancreatic (OR, 1.41) cancers. No other significant associations were found.
Our findings suggest that a diet high in GI and GL is associated with increased risk of selected cancers.
饮食血糖指数（GI）和血糖负荷（GL）与某些癌症的风险有关，但问题仍未解决。
1994 年至 1997 年，在加拿大八个省份对新发病例、组织学确诊的胃癌（n=1182）、结肠癌（n=1727）、直肠癌（n=1447）、肝癌（n=309）、胰腺癌（n=628）、肺癌（n=3341）、乳腺癌（n=2362）、卵巢癌（n=442）、前列腺癌（n=1799）、睾丸癌（n=686）、肾癌（n=1345）、膀胱癌（n=1029）、脑癌（n=1009）、非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL，n=1666）、白血病（n=1069）、多发性骨髓瘤（n=343）患者和 5039 名人群对照者，通过邮寄问卷的方式进行了调查。在研究对象入组前 2 年，使用经过验证的食物频率问卷（FFQ）获得了饮食信息。通过包括公认的混杂因素的非条件逻辑回归，得出了比值比（OR）和 95%置信区间（CI）。
饮食 GI 与前列腺癌风险呈正相关（最高四分位与最低四分位相比，OR 为 1.26）。较高的饮食 GL 显著增加了结直肠癌（OR，1.28）、直肠癌（OR，1.44）和胰腺癌（OR，1.41）的风险。未发现其他显著关联。
我们的研究结果表明，高 GI 和 GL 的饮食与某些癌症的风险增加有关。
