Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, United States.
Sci Total Environ. 2012 Sep 1;433:516-22. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.098. Epub 2012 Jul 24.
Determinants of levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) in dust in U.S. homes are not well characterized. We conducted a pilot study to evaluate the relationship between concentrations of PCDD/F in house dust and residential proximity to known sources, including industrial facilities and traffic. Samples from vacuum bag dust from homes of 40 residents of Detroit, Los Angeles, Seattle, or Iowa who participated in a population-based case-control study of non-Hodgkin lymphoma conducted in 1998-2000 were analyzed using high resolution gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry for 7 PCDD and 10 PCDF congeners considered toxic by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Locations of 10 types of PCDD/F-emitting facilities were obtained from the EPA; however only 4 types were located near study homes (non-hazardous waste cement kilns, coal-fired power plants, sewage sludge incinerators, and medical waste incinerators). Relationships between concentrations of each PCDD/F and proximity to industrial facilities, freight routes, and major roads were evaluated using separate multivariate regression models for each congener. The median (inter-quartile range [IQR]) toxic equivalence (TEQ) concentration of these congeners in the house dust was 20.3 pg/g (IQR=14.3, 32.7). Homes within 3 or 5 km of a cement kiln had 2 to 9-fold higher concentrations of 5 PCDD and 5 PCDF (p<0.1 in each model). Proximity to freight routes and major roads was associated with elevated concentrations of 1 PCDD and 8 PCDF. Higher concentrations of certain PCDD/F in homes near cement kilns, freight routes, and major roads suggest that these outdoor sources are contributing to indoor environmental exposures. Further study of the contribution of these sources and other facility types to total PCDD/F exposure in a larger number of homes is warranted.
美国住宅灰尘中多氯二苯并对二恶英和多氯二苯并呋喃（PCDD/F）水平的决定因素尚未得到很好的描述。我们进行了一项试点研究，以评估家庭灰尘中 PCDD/F 浓度与已知来源（包括工业设施和交通）之间的关系。对 1998-2000 年参加非霍奇金淋巴瘤的基于人群的病例对照研究的 40 名居民家中的真空袋灰尘样本进行了分析，这些样本采用高分辨率气相色谱/高分辨率质谱法对 7 种 PCDD 和 10 种 PCDF 同系物进行了分析，这些同系物被美国环境保护署（EPA）认为具有毒性。从 EPA 获得了 10 种 PCDD/F 排放设施的位置，但只有 4 种靠近研究家庭（非危险废物水泥厂、燃煤电厂、污水污泥焚烧炉和医疗废物焚烧炉）。使用每种同系物的单独多元回归模型评估了每种 PCDD/F 浓度与工业设施、货运路线和主要道路之间的关系。这些同系物在家庭灰尘中的中位数（四分位距[IQR]）毒性等效（TEQ）浓度为 20.3pg/g（IQR=14.3，32.7）。距离水泥厂 3 或 5 公里以内的家庭中，5 种 PCDD 和 5 种 PCDF 的浓度高出 2 至 9 倍（每个模型中的 p<0.1）。靠近货运路线和主要道路与 1 种 PCDD 和 8 种 PCDF 的浓度升高有关。水泥厂、货运路线和主要道路附近家庭中某些 PCDD/F 的浓度较高表明，这些室外来源正在导致室内环境暴露。有必要在更多的家庭中进一步研究这些来源和其他设施类型对总 PCDD/F 暴露的贡献。
