Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
Trends Parasitol. 2012 Sep;28(9):377-84. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2012.07.001. Epub 2012 Jul 24.
Protozoan parasites cause severe morbidity and mortality in humans worldwide, especially in developing countries where access to chemotherapeutic agents is limited. Although parasites initially evoke a robust immune response, subsequent immunity fails to clear infection, ultimately leading to the chronic stage. This enigmatic situation was initially addressed in chronic viral models, where T cells lose their function, a phenomenon referred to as 'exhaustion'. However, recent studies demonstrate that this paradigm can be extended to protozoan diseases as well, although with notable differences. These studies have revealed that T cell responses generated against Toxoplasma gondii, Plasmodium sp., and Leishmania sp. can become dysfunctional. This review discusses T cell exhaustion in parasitic infection, mechanisms of development, and a possible role in disease outcome.
原生动物寄生虫在全球范围内导致人类严重的发病率和死亡率，尤其是在发展中国家，那里获得化学治疗药物的机会有限。尽管寄生虫最初会引起强烈的免疫反应，但随后的免疫反应未能清除感染，最终导致慢性阶段。这种神秘的情况最初在慢性病毒模型中得到了解决，在这些模型中，T 细胞失去了功能，这种现象被称为“衰竭”。然而，最近的研究表明，这一范例也可以扩展到原生动物疾病，尽管存在显著差异。这些研究表明，针对刚地弓形虫、疟原虫和利什曼原虫产生的 T 细胞反应可能会变得功能失调。这篇综述讨论了寄生虫感染中的 T 细胞衰竭、发展机制以及在疾病结果中的可能作用。
