Chutkan Robynne, Fahey George, Wright Wendy L, McRorie Johnson
Digestive Center for Women, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA.
J Am Acad Nurse Pract. 2012 Aug;24(8):476-87. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-7599.2012.00758.x.
This review focuses on the health benefits of viscous versus nonviscous soluble fibers, why symptoms can occur with increased fiber consumption, and how to avoid symptoms to improve adherence with a high-fiber diet.
Review of scientific literature as well as evidence-based guidelines and resources.
While it is generally known that "fiber is good for you," it is less well known that specific health benefits are associated with specific fiber characteristics. Many of the health benefits of fiber can be directly correlated with the viscosity of soluble fibers when hydrated (i.e., gel-forming). A reduction in viscosity of a given fiber will attenuate these health benefits, and a nonviscous fiber does not exhibit these health benefits.
Increasing the viscosity of chyme with a viscous soluble fiber has been shown clinically to lower cholesterol for cardiovascular health, improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetes, normalize stool form in both constipation (softens hard stool) and diarrhea (firms loose/liquid stool), and improve the objective clinical measures of metabolic syndrome (glycemic control, lipoprotein profile, body mass index/weight loss, and blood pressure).
本综述聚焦于粘性与非粘性可溶性纤维对健康的益处、增加纤维摄入量时为何会出现症状，以及如何避免这些症状以提高对高纤维饮食的依从性。
对科学文献以及循证指南和资源的综述。
虽然人们普遍知道“纤维有益健康”，但鲜为人知的是特定的健康益处与特定的纤维特性相关。纤维的许多健康益处可直接与水化时（即形成凝胶时）可溶性纤维的粘性相关。给定纤维粘性的降低会减弱这些健康益处，而非粘性纤维则不具备这些健康益处。
临床上已表明，用粘性可溶性纤维增加食糜的粘性可降低胆固醇以促进心血管健康，改善2型糖尿病患者的血糖控制，使便秘（软化硬便）和腹泻（固化稀便/水样便）患者的粪便形态正常化，并改善代谢综合征的客观临床指标（血糖控制、脂蛋白谱、体重指数/体重减轻和血压）。
