Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Reading, Reading, UK.
Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2013 Mar;75(3):663-70. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04404.x.
Evidence suggests that probiotic bacteria modulate both innate and adaptive immunity in the host, and in some situations can result in reduced severity of common illnesses, such as acute rotavirus infection and respiratory infections. Responses to vaccination are increasingly being used to provide high quality information on the immunomodulatory effects of dietary components in humans. The present review focuses on the effect of probiotic administration upon vaccination response. The majority of studies investigating the impact of probiotics on responses to vaccination have been conducted in healthy adults, and at best they show modest effects of probiotics on serum or salivary IgA titres. Studies in infants and in elderly subjects are very limited, and it is too early to draw any firm conclusions regarding the potential for probiotics to act as adjuvants in vaccination. Although some studies are comparable in terms of duration of the intervention, age and characteristics of the subjects, most differ in terms of the probiotic selected. Further well designed, randomized, placebo-controlled studies are needed to understand fully the immunomodulatory properties of probiotics, whether the effects exerted are strain-dependent and age-dependent and their clinical relevance in enhancing immune protection following vaccination.
有证据表明，益生菌可调节宿主的固有免疫和适应性免疫，在某些情况下可降低常见疾病的严重程度，如急性轮状病毒感染和呼吸道感染。疫苗接种反应越来越多地被用于提供有关膳食成分在人类中免疫调节作用的高质量信息。本综述重点介绍益生菌对疫苗接种反应的影响。大多数研究益生菌对疫苗接种反应影响的研究都是在健康成年人中进行的，而且最好的情况是益生菌对血清或唾液 IgA 滴度有适度的影响。在婴儿和老年人群体中的研究非常有限，因此关于益生菌作为疫苗接种佐剂的潜力，现在还不能得出任何确定的结论。尽管一些研究在干预时间、年龄和受试者特征方面具有可比性，但大多数研究在选择的益生菌方面存在差异。需要进一步进行精心设计、随机、安慰剂对照的研究，以充分了解益生菌的免疫调节特性，包括所产生的作用是否与菌株和年龄有关，以及它们在增强疫苗接种后的免疫保护方面的临床相关性。
