Asian Hospital and Medical Center, Muntinlupa City, Philippines.
Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2022 Jan 11;115(1):142-153. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab336.
Bovine milk-derived oligosaccharides (MOS) containing primarily galacto-oligosaccharides with inherent concentrations of sialylated oligosaccharides can be added to infant formula to enhance the oligosaccharide profile.
To investigate the effects of an MOS-supplemented infant formula on gut microbiota and intestinal immunity.
In a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial, healthy term formula-fed infants aged 21-26 d either received an intact protein cow milk-based formula (control group, CG, n = 112) or the same formula containing 7.2 g MOS/L (experimental group, EG, n = 114) until the age of 6 mo. Exclusively human milk-fed infants (HFI, n = 70) from an observational study served as the reference. Fecal samples collected at baseline, and the ages of 2.5 and 4 mo were assessed for microbiota (16S ribosomal RNA-based approaches), metabolites, and biomarkers of gut health and immune response.
Aged 2.5 and 4 mo, redundancy analysis (P = 0.002) and average phylogenetic distance (P < 0.05) showed that the overall microbiota composition in EG was different from CG and closer to that of HFI. Similarly, EG caesarean-born infants were different from CG caesarean- or vaginally born infants and approaching HFI vaginally born infants. Relative bifidobacteria abundance was higher in EG compared with CG (P < 0.05) approaching HFI. At the age of 4 mo, counts of Clostridioides difficile and Clostridium perfringens were ∼90% (P < 0.001) and ∼65% (P < 0.01) lower in EG compared with CG, respectively. Geometric LS mean (95% CI) fecal secretory IgA in EG was twice that of CG [70 (57, 85) compared with 34 (28, 42) mg/g, P < 0.001] and closer to HFI. Fecal oral polio vaccine-specific IgA was ∼50% higher in EG compared with CG (P = 0.065). Compared with CG, EG and HFI had lower fecal calcium excretion (by ∼30%, P < 0.005) and fecal pH (P < 0.001), and higher lactate concentration (P < 0.001).
Infant formula with MOS shifts the gut microbiota and metabolic signature closer to that of HFI, has a strong bifidogenic effect, reduces fecal pathogens, and improves the intestinal immune response.
牛源低聚糖（MOS）主要含有半乳糖低聚糖，具有固有浓度的唾液酸化低聚糖，可以添加到婴儿配方奶粉中，以增强低聚糖谱。
研究添加 MOS 的婴儿配方奶粉对肠道微生物群和肠道免疫的影响。
在一项双盲、随机、对照试验中，年龄在 21-26 天的健康足月配方奶喂养婴儿分别接受完整蛋白牛乳基配方（对照组，CG，n=112）或含有 7.2g MOS/L 的相同配方（实验组，EG，n=114），直至 6 月龄。来自观察性研究的纯人乳喂养婴儿（HFI，n=70）作为参考。在基线时、2.5 月龄和 4 月龄采集粪便样本，用于评估肠道健康和免疫反应的微生物群（16S 核糖体 RNA 方法）、代谢物和生物标志物。
2.5 月龄和 4 月龄时，冗余分析（P=0.002）和平均系统发育距离（P<0.05）表明，EG 的整体微生物群组成与 CG 不同，与 HFI 更接近。同样，EG 剖宫产出生的婴儿与 CG 剖宫产或阴道出生的婴儿不同，与 HFI 阴道出生的婴儿接近。与 CG 相比，EG 中的双歧杆菌相对丰度更高（P<0.05），接近 HFI。4 月龄时，与 CG 相比，艰难梭菌和产气荚膜梭菌的计数分别降低了约 90%（P<0.001）和 65%（P<0.01）。EG 的粪便分泌型 IgA 的几何 LS 均值（95%CI）是 CG 的两倍[70（57，85）比 34（28，42）mg/g，P<0.001]，与 HFI 更接近。与 CG 相比，EG 中的口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗特异性 IgA 高约 50%（P=0.065）。与 CG 相比，EG 和 HFI 的粪便钙排泄量减少约 30%（P<0.005），粪便 pH 值降低（P<0.001），乳酸浓度升高（P<0.001）。
添加 MOS 的婴儿配方奶粉使肠道微生物群和代谢特征更接近 HFI，具有强烈的双歧杆菌作用，减少粪便病原体，改善肠道免疫反应。
