David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and the Immunology Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14623, USA.
J Exp Med. 2012 Jul 30;209(8):1391-5. doi: 10.1084/jem.20121517.
Protective immunity to chronic and acute viral infection relies on both the innate and adaptive immune response. Although neutralizing antibody production by B cells and cytotoxic activity of CD8(+) T cells are well-accepted components of the adaptive immune response to viruses, identification of the specific role of CD4(+) T cells in protection has been more challenging to establish. Delineating the contribution of CD4(+) T cells has been complicated by their functional heterogeneity, breadth in antigen specificity, transient appearance in circulation, and sequestration in tissue sites of infection. In this minireview, we discuss recent progress in identifying the multiple roles of CD4(+) T cells in orchestrating and mediating the immune responses against viral pathogens. We highlight several recent reports, including one published in this issue, that have employed comprehensive and sophisticated approaches to provide new evidence for CD4(+) T cells as direct effectors in antiviral immunity.
针对慢性和急性病毒感染的保护性免疫依赖于先天免疫和适应性免疫反应。虽然 B 细胞产生中和抗体和 CD8(+)T 细胞的细胞毒性活性是适应性免疫反应对抗病毒的公认组成部分，但确定 CD4(+)T 细胞在保护中的具体作用更具挑战性。CD4(+)T 细胞的贡献因功能异质性、抗原特异性广度、在循环中的短暂出现以及在感染组织部位的隔离而变得复杂。在这篇小综述中，我们讨论了最近在确定 CD4(+)T 细胞在协调和介导针对病毒病原体的免疫反应中的多种作用方面取得的进展。我们强调了几项最近的报告，包括本期发表的一篇报告，这些报告采用了全面和复杂的方法，为 CD4(+)T 细胞作为抗病毒免疫的直接效应物提供了新的证据。
