School of Public Policy, University College London, London, UK.
J Health Organ Manag. 2012;26(3):293-316. doi: 10.1108/14777261211238954.
It is commonly recognized that the setting of health priorities requires value judgements and that these judgements are social. Justifying social value judgements is an important element in any public justification of how priorities are set. The purpose of this paper is to review a number of social values relating both to the process and content of priority-setting decisions.
DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: A set of key process and content values basic to health priority setting is outlined, and normative analysis applied to those values to identify their key features, possible interpretations in different cultural and institutional contexts, and interactions with other values.
Process values are found to be closely linked, such that success in increasing, for example, transparency may depend on increasing participation or accountability, and "content" values are found often to be hidden in technical criteria. There is a complex interplay between value and technical components of priority setting, and between process and content values. Levels of economic development, culture and need will all play a part in determining how different systems balance the values in their decisions.
ORIGINALITY/VALUE: Technical analyses of health priority setting are commonplace, but approaching the issues from the perspective of social values is a more recent approach and one which this paper seeks to refine and develop.
人们普遍认识到，确定卫生重点需要进行价值判断，而这些判断是社会性的。为如何确定重点进行任何公共论证，为社会价值判断提供理由都是重要的一环。本文旨在回顾与重点设置决策的过程和内容相关的一些社会价值观。
设计/方法/途径：概述了一套基本的卫生重点设置的关键过程和内容价值观，并对这些价值观进行规范分析，以确定其关键特征、在不同文化和制度背景下的可能解释以及与其他价值观的相互作用。
过程价值观被发现紧密相连，例如，提高透明度的成功可能取决于增加参与度或问责制，而“内容”价值观往往隐藏在技术标准中。重点设置的价值和技术成分之间，以及过程和内容价值观之间存在着复杂的相互作用。经济发展水平、文化和需求的各个层面都将在决定不同系统如何在其决策中平衡价值观方面发挥作用。
原创性/价值：对卫生重点设置的技术分析很常见，但从社会价值观的角度来处理这些问题是一种较新的方法，本文试图对其进行细化和发展。
