[Prevalence of HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies in rural areas of Benin].

A transversal survey has been performed in the Zou Province in the central part of Benin located in West Africa close to the western border of Nigeria. The Zou Province is an agricultural region which population is about 900,000. A randomised sample of 1936 people had been chosen according 1,984 census data. All the samples have been examined by ELISA Rapid Elavia Mixt (Pasteur Vaccin). All positive samples have been tested with both Elavia I and Elavia II (Pasteur Vaccin). 6.6% of sampled population show positive result for HIV1 in ELISA and 0.9% are positive in ELISA for HIV2. Age, sex and geographical distribution of ELISA positive samples is quite uniform. None of positive plasma in ELISA can be interpreted as positive in Western-Blot. The first hypothesis discussed by authors is possibility of serological conversion occurring at the time of the survey. If this unlikely hypothesis is confirmed it means that both viruses have recently and suddenly infected the Zou Province at various level of population and in all villages of the Province. A second hypothesis is that all plasma have antibodies for unidentified related virus which cross reacts with HIV1 or HIV2. A third hypothesis is that dysproteinaemia due to parasite or nutrition factors produce false positive reactions. This could explain such a positive reaction distribution among the whole population. So the last hypothesis must be considered with attention.