Kyrgyz State Medical Academy named after I.K. Akhunbaev, Akhunbaev Street 92, Bishkek 720020, Kyrgyzstan.
Sleep Breath. 2013 May;17(2):511-23. doi: 10.1007/s11325-012-0755-6. Epub 2012 Aug 8.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common medical disorder affecting at least 2 % of women and 4 % of men living in Western societies. Obesity, older age, male gender, alcohol and sedative use, smoking, craniofacial parameters, and volume overload are some of the risk factors for this disorder.
OSA is a known risk factor complicating the course of arterial hypertension, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease. It is important to note that all of the aforementioned comorbid disorders are associated with volume overload. This explains why patients with OSA and comorbid disorders associated with fluid overload can benefit from treatment with diuretics and drugs modulating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Additionally, patients with heart failure and high sodium intake are at increased risk for OSA, further supporting the complex interrelationship.
Hemodialysis and renal transplantation can markedly improve the severity of OSA in patients with concomitant kidney disease. Finally, there is a potential of a vicious cycle between OSA and fluid overload disorders, whereby OSA can contribute to the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease, which in turn will significantly contribute to the course OSA.
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）是一种常见的医学疾病，影响着至少 2%的生活在西方社会的女性和 4%的男性。肥胖、年龄增长、男性性别、酒精和镇静剂使用、吸烟、头面参数和容量超负荷是这种疾病的一些危险因素。
OSA 是一种已知的危险因素，会使动脉高血压、心力衰竭和慢性肾脏病的病程复杂化。需要注意的是，上述所有合并症都与容量超负荷有关。这解释了为什么患有 OSA 和与液体超负荷相关的合并症的患者可以从利尿剂和调节肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统的药物治疗中获益。此外，心力衰竭和高钠摄入的患者患 OSA 的风险增加，进一步支持了这种复杂的相互关系。
血液透析和肾移植可以显著改善合并肾脏疾病患者的 OSA 严重程度。最后，OSA 和液体超负荷疾病之间存在潜在的恶性循环，其中 OSA 可能导致动脉高血压、心力衰竭和慢性肾脏病的发病机制，而反过来又会显著影响 OSA 的病程。
