Baranauskas Marius, Kupčiūnaitė Ingrida, Stukas Rimantas
Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Panevėžys University of Applied Sciences, 35200 Panevėžys, Lithuania.
Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 01513 Vilnius, Lithuania.
Healthcare (Basel). 2022 Apr 1;10(4):665. doi: 10.3390/healthcare10040665.
Rapid Weight Loss (RWL) is a rapid reduction in weight over a short period of time seeking to attain the norm required for a competition in a particular weight category. RWL has a negative health impact on athletes including the significant muscle damage induced by RWL. This study aimed to identify the association between RWL and body composition among competitive combat athletes (n = 43) in Lithuania. Our focus was laid on the disclosure of their RWL practice by using a previously standardized RWL Questionnaire. The body composition of the athletes was measured by means of the standing-posture 8-12-electrode multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and the electrical signals of 5, 50, 250, 550 and 1000 kHz. This non-experimental cross-sectional study resulted in preliminary findings on the prevalence and profile of RWL among combat athletes in Lithuania. 88% of the athletes surveyed in our study had lost weight in order to compete, with the average weight loss of 4.6 ± 2% of the habitual body mass. The athletes started to resort to weight cycling as early as 9 years old, with a mean age of 12.8 ± 2.1 years. The combination of practiced weight loss techniques such as skipping meals (adjusted Odd Ratio (AOR) 6.3; 95% CI: 1.3−31.8), restricting fluids (AOR 5.5; 95% CI: 1.0−31.8), increased exercise (AOR 3.6; 95% CI: 1.0−12.5), training with rubber/plastic suits (AOR 3.2; 95% CI: 0.9−11.3) predicted the risk of RWL aggressiveness. RWL magnitude potentially played an important role in maintaining the loss of muscle mass in athletes during the preparatory training phase (β −0.01 kg, p < 0.001). Therefore, an adequate regulatory programme should be integrated into the training plans of high-performance combat sports athletes to keep not only the athletes but also their coaches responsible for a proper weight control.
快速减重（RWL）是指在短时间内迅速减轻体重，以达到特定体重级别的比赛要求。快速减重会对运动员的健康产生负面影响，包括快速减重导致的显著肌肉损伤。本研究旨在确定立陶宛竞技格斗运动员（n = 43）中快速减重与身体成分之间的关联。我们的重点是通过使用先前标准化的快速减重问卷来揭示他们的快速减重做法。运动员的身体成分通过站立姿势8 - 12电极多频生物电阻抗分析（BIA）以及5、50、250、550和1000千赫兹的电信号进行测量。这项非实验性横断面研究得出了关于立陶宛格斗运动员中快速减重的患病率和特征的初步结果。在我们的研究中，88%接受调查的运动员为了参赛而减重，平均体重减轻了习惯体重的4.6 ± 2%。运动员早在9岁就开始采用体重循环法，平均年龄为12.8 ± 2.1岁。所采用的减重技术组合，如不吃饭（调整后的优势比（AOR）6.3；95%置信区间：1.3 - 31.8）、限制液体摄入（AOR 5.5；95%置信区间：1.0 - 31.8）、增加运动量（AOR 3.6；95%置信区间：1.0 - 12.5）、穿着橡胶/塑料服训练（AOR 3.2；95%置信区间：0.9 - 11.3）可预测快速减重的激进风险。在准备训练阶段，快速减重的幅度可能在维持运动员肌肉量流失方面起重要作用（β -0.01千克，p < 0.001）。因此，应将适当的监管计划纳入高水平格斗运动运动员的训练计划中，不仅要让运动员，还要让他们的教练对适当控制体重负责。
