Akmel Menur, Segni Hailemariam
Department of Surgery, college of public health and medical sciences, Jimma University.
Ethiop J Health Sci. 2012 Jul;22(2):85-92.
Pelvic organ prolapse is the down ward descent of female organs including the bladder, small and large bowel resulting in protrusion of the vagina, uterus or both. It is a disorder exclusive to women and one of the most common indications for gynecologic surgery.
This hospital based retrospective descriptive study was conducted to assess the magnitude of pelvic organ prolapse and risk factors for it. All cases of pelvic organ prolapse admitted and treated in Jimma University Specialized Hospital from July 1, 2008 to June 30, 2011 were included. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS computer software version 16.0. Chi-square test was used and was considered to be significant when p<0.05.
Pelvic organ prolapse accounted for 40.7% of major gynecologic operations. Mean age of patients was 42.43 ± 10.4 years and there was a significant association between prolapse and age of patients (p <0.05). Mean parity of patients was 6.5± 2.64 with a significant association between prolapse and parity (p < 0.05). Majority of them (80.6%) lived in rural area and there was a significant association between prolapse and residence area. Farmers accounted for 68.2% of the patients and there was a significant association between prolapse and occupation (p < 0.05). Risk factors identified were chronic cough (20.9%), constipation (30.2%) with some having more than one risk factor while none was identified in 59.7%.
Prolapse is common among rural, farmer, parous and older women where most of them delivered at home with prolonged labor. Age, parity and occupation were associated with the stage of prolapse. Awareness creation on risk factors of pelvic organ prolapse and use of contraception to reduce parity is recommended. Health institution delivery should be advocated to minimize the rate of home deliveries and hence of prolonged labor.
盆腔器官脱垂是指包括膀胱、小肠和大肠在内的女性器官向下移位，导致阴道、子宫或两者突出。这是一种女性特有的疾病，也是妇科手术最常见的指征之一。
本研究为基于医院的回顾性描述性研究，旨在评估盆腔器官脱垂的严重程度及其危险因素。纳入2008年7月1日至2011年6月30日在吉姆马大学专科医院收治并治疗的所有盆腔器官脱垂病例。使用SPSS 16.0计算机软件对收集的数据进行分析。采用卡方检验，当p<0.05时认为差异有统计学意义。
盆腔器官脱垂占主要妇科手术的40.7%。患者的平均年龄为42.43±10.4岁，脱垂与患者年龄之间存在显著关联（p<0.05）。患者的平均产次为6.5±2.64，脱垂与产次之间存在显著关联（p<0.05）。她们中的大多数（80.6%）生活在农村地区，脱垂与居住地区之间存在显著关联。农民占患者的68.2%，脱垂与职业之间存在显著关联（p<0.05）。确定的危险因素包括慢性咳嗽（20.9%）、便秘（30.2%），一些患者有多种危险因素，而59.7%的患者未发现危险因素。
脱垂在农村、农民、经产妇和老年妇女中很常见，她们中的大多数在家分娩且产程延长。年龄、产次和职业与脱垂的阶段有关。建议提高对盆腔器官脱垂危险因素的认识，并使用避孕措施减少产次。应提倡在医疗机构分娩，以尽量减少家庭分娩率，从而减少产程延长的发生率。
