Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Nat Rev Microbiol. 2012 Sep;10(9):655-66. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro2848. Epub 2012 Aug 13.
Systemic immune activation is increased in HIV-infected individuals, even in the setting of virus suppression with antiretroviral therapy. Although numerous factors may contribute, microbial products have recently emerged as potential drivers of this immune activation. In this Review, we describe the intestinal damage that occurs in HIV infection, the evidence for translocation of microbial products into the systemic circulation and the pathways by which these products activate the immune system. We also discuss novel therapies that disrupt the translocation of microbial products and the downstream effects of microbial translocation.
系统性免疫激活在 HIV 感染者中增加，即使在病毒抑制的情况下使用抗逆转录病毒治疗也是如此。尽管有许多因素可能会产生影响，但微生物产物最近已成为这种免疫激活的潜在驱动因素。在这篇综述中，我们描述了 HIV 感染中发生的肠道损伤、微生物产物易位进入体循环的证据，以及这些产物激活免疫系统的途径。我们还讨论了破坏微生物产物易位和微生物易位下游效应的新型治疗方法。
