Department of Psychology, Swarthmore College, 500 College Avenue, Swarthmore, PA 19081, USA.
J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2012;41(5):621-39. doi: 10.1080/15374416.2012.706517. Epub 2012 Aug 13.
Depression is a common psychological problem in adolescence. Recent research suggests that group cognitive-behavioral interventions can reduce and prevent symptoms of depression in youth. Few studies have tested the effectiveness of such interventions when delivered by school teachers and counselors (as opposed to research team staff). We evaluated the effectiveness of the Penn Resiliency Program for adolescents (PRP-A), a school-based group intervention that targets cognitive behavioral risk factors for depression. We randomly assigned 408 middle school students (ages 10-15) to one of three conditions: PRP-A, PRP-AP (in which adolescents participated in PRP-A and parents were invited to attend a parent intervention component), or a school-as-usual control. Adolescents completed measures of depression and anxiety symptoms, cognitive style, and coping at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and at 6-month follow-up. PRP-A reduced depression symptoms relative to the school as usual control. Baseline levels of hopelessness moderated intervention effects. Among participants with average and high levels of hopelessness, PRP (A and AP) significantly improved depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, hopelessness, and active coping relative to control. Among participants with low baseline hopelessness, we found no intervention effects. PRP-AP was not more effective than PRP-A alone. We found no intervention effects on clinical levels of depression or anxiety. These findings suggest that cognitive-behavioral interventions can be beneficial when delivered by school teachers and counselors. These interventions may be most helpful to students with elevated hopelessness.
抑郁是青少年中常见的心理问题。最近的研究表明，团体认知行为干预可以减少和预防青少年的抑郁症状。很少有研究测试过由学校教师和辅导员（而不是研究团队人员）提供的此类干预措施的有效性。我们评估了宾夕法尼亚韧性计划（PRP-A）对青少年的有效性，该计划是一种基于学校的团体干预措施，针对抑郁的认知行为风险因素。我们随机分配了 408 名中学生（年龄在 10-15 岁之间）到以下三种条件之一：PRP-A、PRP-AP（其中青少年参加 PRP-A，父母被邀请参加父母干预部分）或学校常规控制。青少年在基线、干预后立即和 6 个月随访时完成了抑郁和焦虑症状、认知风格和应对方式的测量。PRP-A 与常规学校控制相比，降低了抑郁症状。基线无望感水平调节了干预效果。在中等和高无望感的参与者中，PRP（A 和 AP）与对照组相比，显著改善了抑郁症状、焦虑症状、无望感和积极应对。在基线无望感较低的参与者中，我们没有发现干预效果。PRP-AP 并不比 PRP-A 更有效。我们没有发现干预对临床水平的抑郁或焦虑有影响。这些发现表明，当由学校教师和辅导员提供时，认知行为干预可能是有益的。这些干预措施可能对无望感较高的学生最有帮助。
