Center for Kinanthropology Research, Institute of Active Lifestyle, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
BMC Public Health. 2012 Jul 29;12:570. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-570.
Globally, efforts aimed at the prevention of childhood obesity have led to the implementation of a range of school-based interventions. This study assessed whether augmenting physical activity (PA) within the school setting resulted in increased daily PA and decreased overweight/obesity levels in 6-9-year-old children.
Across the first to third primary school years, PA of 84 girls and 92 boys was objectively monitored five times (each for seven successive days) using Yamax pedometer (step counts) and Caltrac accelerometer (activity energy expenditure AEE - kcal/kg per day). Four schools were selected to participate in the research (2 intervention, 2 controls), comprising intervention (43 girls, 45 boys) and control children (41 girls, 47 boys). The study was non-randomized and the intervention schools were selected on the basis of existing PA-conducive environment. Analyses of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures examined the PA programme and gender effects on the step counts and AEE. Logistic regression (Enter method) determined the obesity and overweight occurrence prospect over the course of implementation of the PA intervention.
There was a significant increase of school-based PA during schooldays in intervention children (from ≈ 1718 to ≈ 3247 steps per day; and from 2.1 to ≈ 3.6 Kcal/Kg per day) in comparison with the control children. Increased school-based PA of intervention children during schooldays contributed to them achieving >10,500 steps and >10.5 Kcal/Kg per school day across the 2 years of the study, and resulted in a stop of the decline in PA levels that is known to be associated with the increasing age of children. Increased school-based PA had also positive impact on leisure time PA of schooldays and on PA at weekends of intervention children. One year after the start of the PA intervention, the odds of being overweight or obese in the intervention children was almost three times lower than that of control children (p < 0.005), and these odds steadily decreased with the duration of the intervention.
The findings suggest that school-based PA (Physical Education lessons, PA during short breaks and longer recesses, PA at after-school nursery) in compatible active environments (child-friendly gym and school playground, corridors with movement and playing around corners and for games) has a vital role in obesity and overweight reduction among younger pupils.
在全球范围内，预防儿童肥胖的努力已经导致了一系列基于学校的干预措施的实施。本研究评估了在学校环境中增加身体活动（PA）是否会导致 6-9 岁儿童每天增加 PA 活动量并降低超重/肥胖水平。
在小学一至三年级期间，使用 Yamax 计步器（步数）和 Caltrac 加速度计（活动能量消耗 AEE-每天每公斤卡路里）五次对 84 名女孩和 92 名男孩的 PA 进行客观监测（每次连续七天）。选择了四所学校参与研究（2 所干预组，2 所对照组），包括干预组（43 名女孩，45 名男孩）和对照组儿童（41 名女孩，47 名男孩）。该研究是非随机的，干预学校是根据现有的有利于 PA 的环境选择的。重复测量方差分析（ANOVA）检验了 PA 方案和性别对步数和 AEE 的影响。逻辑回归（Enter 方法）确定了在 PA 干预实施过程中肥胖和超重的发生概率。
与对照组儿童相比，干预组儿童在上学日的基于学校的 PA 显著增加（从约 1718 步增加到约 3247 步/天；从 2.1 增加到约 3.6 Kcal/Kg/天）。干预组儿童在上学日增加的基于学校的 PA 使他们在两年的研究中每天的步数超过 10500 步，每天的 AEE 超过 10.5 Kcal/Kg，并且阻止了与儿童年龄增长相关的 PA 水平下降。增加的基于学校的 PA 也对上学日的课余 PA 和周末的 PA 产生了积极影响。PA 干预开始一年后，干预组儿童超重或肥胖的几率是对照组儿童的近三倍（p<0.005），并且随着干预时间的延长，这种几率稳步下降。
研究结果表明，在兼容的积极环境（儿童友好型体育馆和学校操场、走廊里有四处走动和玩耍的角落和游戏）中进行基于学校的 PA（体育课、课间休息和较长休息期间的 PA、课后托儿所的 PA）在降低小学生肥胖和超重方面起着至关重要的作用。
