Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
Heart Fail Rev. 2013 Sep;18(5):631-44. doi: 10.1007/s10741-012-9337-8.
Cardiovascular disease, including heart failure, is a principal cause of death in individuals with obesity and diabetes. However, the mechanisms of obesity- and diabetes-induced heart disease are multifaceted and remain to be clearly defined. Of relevance to this review, there is currently great research and clinical interest in the endocrine effects of adipokines on the myocardium and their role in heart failure. We will discuss the potential significance of adipokines in the pathogenesis of heart failure via their ability to regulate remodeling events including metabolism, hypertrophy, fibrosis, and cell death. As an excellent example, we will first focus on adiponectin which is best known to confer numerous cardioprotective effects. However, we comprehensively discuss the existing literature that highlights it would be naive to assume that this was always the case. We also focus on lipocalin-2 which mediates pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic effects. It is important when studying actions of adipokines to integrate cellular and mechanistic analyses and translate these to physiologically relevant in vivo models and clinical studies. However, assimilating studies on numerous cardiac remodeling events which ultimately dictate cardiac dysfunction into a unifying conclusion is challenging. Nevertheless, there is undoubted potential for the use of adipokines as robust biomarkers and appropriate therapeutic targets in heart failure.
心血管疾病，包括心力衰竭，是肥胖和糖尿病患者死亡的主要原因。然而，肥胖和糖尿病引起的心脏病的机制是多方面的，仍有待明确界定。与本综述相关的是，目前人们对脂肪因子对心肌的内分泌作用及其在心力衰竭中的作用非常感兴趣。我们将通过调节代谢、肥大、纤维化和细胞死亡等重构事件的能力来讨论脂肪因子在心力衰竭发病机制中的潜在意义。作为一个很好的例子，我们将首先关注脂联素，它被认为具有许多心脏保护作用。然而，我们全面讨论了现有的文献，强调认为这种情况总是如此是幼稚的。我们还关注脂联素 2，它介导炎症和细胞凋亡作用。在研究脂肪因子的作用时，将细胞和机制分析整合起来，并将其转化为生理相关的体内模型和临床研究是很重要的。然而，将最终决定心脏功能障碍的许多心脏重构事件的研究整合到一个统一的结论中是具有挑战性的。尽管如此，脂肪因子作为心力衰竭的强大生物标志物和适当的治疗靶点具有巨大的潜力。
