Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSD, CA, USA.
Cardiovasc Res. 2012 Dec 1;96(3):352-62. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvs270. Epub 2012 Aug 14.
From the 1920s, early cardiac development has been studied in chick and, later, in mouse embryos in order to understand the first cell fate decisions that drive specification and determination of the endocardium, myocardium, and epicardium. More recently, mouse and human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have demonstrated faithful recapitulation of early cardiogenesis and have contributed significantly to this research over the past few decades. Derived almost 15 years ago, human ESCs have provided a unique developmental model for understanding the genetic and epigenetic regulation of early human cardiogenesis. Here, we review the biological concepts underlying cell fate decisions during early cardiogenesis in model organisms and ESCs. We draw upon both pioneering and recent studies and highlight the continued role for in vitro stem cells in cardiac developmental biology.
从 20 世纪 20 年代开始，人们就在鸡胚和后来的鼠胚中研究早期心脏发育，以了解驱动心内膜、心肌和心外膜特化和决定的最初细胞命运决定。最近，小鼠和人类胚胎干细胞 (ESC) 已经证明能够忠实再现早期心脏发生，并在过去几十年的研究中做出了重大贡献。近 15 年前获得的人类 ESC 为理解早期人类心脏发生的遗传和表观遗传调控提供了独特的发育模型。在这里，我们回顾了模型生物和 ESC 中早期心脏发生过程中细胞命运决定的生物学概念。我们借鉴了开创性和最新的研究，并强调了体外干细胞在心脏发育生物学中的持续作用。
