International Maternal and Child Health, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden.
Int J Equity Health. 2012 Aug 15;11:43. doi: 10.1186/1475-9276-11-43.
Millennium Development Goal 1 encourages local initiatives for the eradication of extreme poverty. However, monitoring is indispensable to insure that actions performed at higher policy levels attain success. Poverty in rural areas in low- and middle-income countries remains chronic. Nevertheless, a rural area (Cuatro Santos) in northern Nicaragua has made substantial progress toward poverty eradication by 2015. We examined the level of poverty there and described interventions aimed at reducing it.
Household data collected from a Health and Demographic Surveillance System was used to analyze poverty and the transition out of it, as well as background information on family members. In the follow-up, information about specific interventions (i.e., installation of piped drinking water, latrines, access to microcredit, home gardening, and technical education) linked them to the demographic data. A propensity score was used to measure the association between the interventions and the resulting transition from poverty.
Between 2004 and 2009, poverty was reduced as a number of interventions increased. Although microcredit was inequitably distributed across the population, combined with home gardening and technical training, it resulted in significant poverty reduction in this rural area.
Sustainable interventions reduced poverty in the rural areas studied by about one-third.
千年发展目标 1 鼓励地方采取行动消除极端贫困。然而，为了确保在更高政策层面上采取的行动取得成功，监测是必不可少的。在中低收入国家的农村地区，贫困仍然是一个长期存在的问题。然而，尼加拉瓜北部的一个农村地区（Cuatro Santos）在 2015 年之前已经在消除贫困方面取得了重大进展。我们考察了那里的贫困程度，并描述了旨在减少贫困的干预措施。
利用从健康和人口监测系统收集的家庭数据，分析贫困状况及其脱贫情况，以及家庭成员的背景信息。在后续工作中，将有关具体干预措施（即安装管道饮用水、厕所、获得小额信贷、家庭园艺和技术教育）的信息与人口数据联系起来。采用倾向评分来衡量干预措施与贫困脱贫之间的关联。
2004 年至 2009 年期间，随着干预措施的增加，贫困程度有所降低。尽管小额信贷在人口中的分配不均，但与家庭园艺和技术培训相结合，却使这个农村地区的贫困程度显著降低。
可持续的干预措施使研究中农村地区的贫困水平降低了约三分之一。
