Transgene, Department of Infectious Diseases, Centre d'Infectiologie, Lyon, France.
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2012 Dec 1;8(12):1746-57. doi: 10.4161/hv.21689. Epub 2012 Aug 16.
A famous milestone in the vaccine field has been the first successful vaccination against smallpox, in 1798, by Edward Jenner. Using the vaccinia cowpox virus, Jenner was able to protect vaccinees from variola or smallpox. The Modified Virus Ankara (MVA) poxvirus strain has been one of the vaccines subsequently developed to prevent smallpox infection and was selected by the US government in their Biodefense strategy. Progress in molecular biology and immunology associated with MVA infection has led to the development of MVA as vaccine platform, both in the field of preventive and therapeutic vaccines. This later class of therapeutics has witnessed growing interest that has translated into an increasing number of vaccine candidates reaching the clinics. Among those, MVA-based therapeutic vaccines have addressed four major chronic infections including viral hepatitis, AIDS, human papillomavirus-linked pathologies and tuberculosis. Clinical trials encompass phase 1 and 2 and have started to show significant results and promises.
疫苗领域的一个重要里程碑是 1798 年爱德华·詹纳（Edward Jenner）首次成功接种牛痘疫苗以预防天花。詹纳使用牛痘病毒（vaccinia cowpox virus）成功地使疫苗接种者免受天花或天花的侵害。随后开发的预防天花感染的疫苗之一是改良安卡拉病毒（Modified Virus Ankara，MVA）痘苗病毒株，美国政府在其生物防御策略中选择了该疫苗。与 MVA 感染相关的分子生物学和免疫学的进展导致了 MVA 作为疫苗平台的发展，无论是在预防性疫苗还是治疗性疫苗领域。这类治疗方法的兴趣日益浓厚，越来越多的疫苗候选者进入临床阶段。其中，基于 MVA 的治疗性疫苗针对包括病毒性肝炎、艾滋病、人乳头瘤病毒相关疾病和结核病在内的四大慢性感染。临床试验包括 1 期和 2 期，已经开始显示出显著的结果和前景。
