Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
Trends Parasitol. 2012 Oct;28(10):417-26. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2012.07.002. Epub 2012 Aug 18.
Lipid rafts, sterol- and sphingolipid-rich membrane microdomains, have been extensively studied in mammalian cells. Recently, lipid rafts have been shown to control virulence in a variety of parasites including Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis, Leishmania spp., Plasmodium spp., Toxoplasma gondii, and Trypanosoma spp. Parasite rafts regulate adhesion to host and invasion, and parasite adhesion molecules often localize to rafts. Parasite rafts also control vesicle trafficking, motility, and cell signaling. Parasites disrupt host cell rafts; the dysregulation of host membrane function facilitates the establishment of infection and evasion of the host immune system. Discerning the mechanism by which lipid rafts regulate parasite pathogenesis is essential to our understanding of virulence. Such insight may guide the development of new drugs for disease management.
脂质筏是富含固醇和鞘脂的膜微区，在哺乳动物细胞中得到了广泛的研究。最近，脂质筏被证明可以控制包括溶组织内阿米巴、蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫、利什曼原虫属、疟原虫属、刚地弓形虫和锥虫属等多种寄生虫的毒力。寄生虫筏控制与宿主的黏附及入侵，寄生虫黏附分子常定位于筏上。寄生虫筏还控制囊泡运输、运动和细胞信号转导。寄生虫破坏宿主细胞筏；宿主膜功能的失调促进了感染的建立和宿主免疫系统的逃避。了解脂质筏调节寄生虫发病机制的机制对于我们理解毒力至关重要。这种洞察力可能指导用于疾病管理的新药的开发。
