Swaggerty Christina L, Callaway Todd R, Kogut Michael H, Piva Andrea, Grilli Ester
United States Department of Agriculture/ARS, 2881 F and B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA.
Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, 425 River Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
Microorganisms. 2019 Feb 28;7(3):65. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms7030065.
and are the two leading causes of bacterial-induced foodborne illness in the US. Food production animals including cattle, swine, and chickens are transmission sources for both pathogens. The number of outbreaks attributed to poultry has decreased. However, the same cannot be said for where 50⁻70% of human cases result from poultry products. The poultry industry selects heavily on performance traits which adversely affects immune competence. Despite increasing demand for poultry, regulations and public outcry resulted in the ban of antibiotic growth promoters, pressuring the industry to find alternatives to manage flock health. One approach is to incorporate a program that naturally enhances/modulates the bird's immune response. Immunomodulation of the immune system can be achieved using a targeted dietary supplementation and/or feed additive to alter immune function. Science-based modulation of the immune system targets ways to reduce inflammation, boost a weakened response, manage gut health, and provide an alternative approach to prevent disease and control foodborne pathogens when conventional methods are not efficacious or not available. The role of immunomodulation is just one aspect of an integrated, coordinated approach to produce healthy birds that are also safe and wholesome products for consumers.
在美国，[两种细菌名称]是细菌性食源性疾病的两大主要病因。包括牛、猪和鸡在内的食用动物是这两种病原体的传播源。归因于家禽的[第一种细菌引发疾病的名称]疫情数量有所下降。然而，对于[第二种细菌引发疾病的名称]而言情况并非如此，50%至70%的人类病例由家禽产品导致。家禽业高度注重生产性能性状，这对免疫能力产生了不利影响。尽管对家禽的需求不断增加，但法规和公众抗议导致抗生素生长促进剂被禁用，迫使该行业寻找管理禽群健康的替代方法。一种方法是纳入一个能自然增强/调节禽类免疫反应的方案。免疫系统的免疫调节可通过有针对性的膳食补充和/或饲料添加剂来改变免疫功能来实现。基于科学的免疫系统调节旨在找到减少炎症、增强减弱的反应、管理肠道健康的方法，并在传统方法无效或不可用时提供一种预防疾病和控制食源性病原体的替代方法。免疫调节的作用只是综合、协调方法的一个方面，该方法旨在生产健康的禽类，同时为消费者提供安全有益健康的产品。
