Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 150 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3E2.
Br J Nutr. 2012 Aug;108 Suppl 1:S111-22. doi: 10.1017/S0007114512000712.
Pulses are low in energy density, supporting their inclusion in the diet for the management of risk factors of the metabolic syndrome (MetSyn). The aim of the present study was to describe the effects of frequent consumption (five cups/week over 8 weeks) of pulses (yellow peas, chickpeas, navy beans and lentils), compared with counselling to reduce energy intake by 2093 kJ/d (500 kcal/d), on risk factors of the MetSyn in two groups (nineteen and twenty-one subjects, respectively) of overweight or obese (mean BMI 32·8 kg/m2) adults. Body weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting blood parameters and 24 h food intakes were measured at weeks 1, 4 and 8. Blood glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and ghrelin were measured after a 75 g oral glucose load at weeks 1 and 8. At week 8, both groups reported reductions in energy intake, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, glycosylated Hb (HbA1c) and glucose AUC and homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) following the glucose load (P < 0·05). However, HDL, fasting C-peptide and insulin AUC responses were dependent on diet (P < 0·05). HDL and C-peptide increased by 4·5 and 12·3 %, respectively, in the pulse group, but decreased by 0·8 and 7·6 %, respectively, in the energy-restricted group. Insulin AUC decreased in both females and males on the energy-restricted diet by 24·2 and 4·8 %, respectively, but on the pulse diet it decreased by 13·9 % in females and increased by 27·3 % in males (P < 0·05). In conclusion, frequent consumption of pulses in an ad libitum diet reduced risk factors of the MetSyn and these effects were equivalent, and in some instances stronger, than counselling for dietary energy reduction.
豆类的能量密度低，可作为饮食的一部分，有助于控制代谢综合征（MetSyn）的危险因素。本研究旨在描述在超重或肥胖（平均 BMI 为 32.8kg/m2）成年人中，频繁食用（每周 5 次，每次食用 5 杯，持续 8 周）豆类（黄豌豆、鹰嘴豆、海军豆和扁豆）与咨询建议（减少 2093kJ/d，即 500kcal/d 的能量摄入）对 MetSyn 危险因素的影响。在 19 名和 21 名参与者的两组中，分别在第 1、4 和 8 周测量体重、腰围、血压、空腹血液参数和 24 小时食物摄入量。在第 1 周和第 8 周，两组在口服 75g 葡萄糖负荷后测量血糖、胰岛素、C 肽、胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）和 ghrelin。在第 8 周，两组在葡萄糖负荷后均报告能量摄入、腰围、收缩压、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）和葡萄糖 AUC 以及胰岛素抵抗的稳态模型评估（HOMA-IR）降低（P＜0.05）。然而，高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、空腹 C 肽和胰岛素 AUC 的反应取决于饮食（P＜0.05）。在豆类组，HDL 和 C 肽分别增加 4.5%和 12.3%，而在能量限制组则分别降低 0.8%和 7.6%。在能量限制饮食中，女性和男性的胰岛素 AUC 分别降低 24.2%和 4.8%，而在豆类饮食中，女性的胰岛素 AUC 降低 13.9%，男性的胰岛素 AUC 增加 27.3%（P＜0.05）。总之，在自由饮食中频繁食用豆类可降低 MetSyn 的危险因素，其效果与咨询建议减少饮食能量摄入的效果相当，在某些情况下甚至更强。
