Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Spinnaker Building, Cambridge Rd, Portsmouth, UK.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2013 Mar;113(3):681-9. doi: 10.1007/s00421-012-2473-y. Epub 2012 Aug 24.
Cold immersion evokes the life-threatening cold shock response (CSR). We hypothesised that anxiety may increase the magnitude of (Study 1), and diminish habituation to (Study 2), the CSR. Study 1: eleven participants completed two 7-min immersions in cold water (15 °C). On one occasion, to induce anxiety, participants were instructed that the water would be 5 °C colder (ANX); it was unchanged. The other immersion was a control (CON). Study 2: ten different participants completed seven, 7-min immersions. Immersions 1-5 induced habituation. Immersions 6 and 7 were counter-balanced to produce anxiety (ANX) or acted as a control (CON). Anxiety (20 cm scale) and cardiorespiratory responses (cardiac frequency [f(c)]), respiratory frequency [f(R)], tidal volume [V(T)], minute ventilation [V(E)]) were measured in both studies. Results of study 1: participants were more anxious in the ANX immersion (mean [SD]; CON 5.3 [3.6] and ANX 8.4 [5.0] cm). f(c) peaked at higher levels in ANX (136.4 [15.0]; CON: 124.0 [17.6] b min(-1)) and was higher pre-immersion and in minutes 3 and 5-7 by 7.2 [2.1] b min(-1). ANX [Formula: see text] was higher pre immersion and in minutes 5-6. Results of study 2: repeated immersion habituated the CSR. Anxiety was greater prior to ANX (CON 1.9 [2.3], ANX 6.6 [4.8] cm). f (c) in ANX was higher prior to immersion and in minutes 1-2, 4-6 cf CON; ANX f (c) was not different to the CSR seen in pre-habituation. f (R) was higher in minute 1 of immersion 1 (cf min 1 CON and ANX) following which it exceeded the CSR in CON. The magnitude and duration of CSR (f(c), V(E)) increased with anxiety. Anxiety diminishes CSR habituation.
冷水浸泡会引起危及生命的冷休克反应 (CSR)。我们假设焦虑可能会增加 (研究 1) 的幅度，并减少 (研究 2) 的 CSR 适应。研究 1：11 名参与者完成了两次 7 分钟的冷水浸泡 (15°C)。在一种情况下，为了引起焦虑，参与者被告知水会冷 5°C (ANX)；实际上没有改变。另一种浸泡是对照 (CON)。研究 2：10 名不同的参与者完成了七次 7 分钟的浸泡。浸泡 1-5 诱导适应。浸泡 6 和 7 平衡产生焦虑 (ANX) 或作为对照 (CON)。焦虑 (20 厘米量表) 和心肺反应 (心率 [f(c)]、呼吸频率 [f(R)]、潮气量 [V(T)]、分钟通气量 [V(E)]) 在两项研究中均进行了测量。研究 1 的结果：参与者在 ANX 浸泡中更焦虑 (平均 [SD]；CON 5.3 [3.6] 和 ANX 8.4 [5.0] cm)。f(c) 在 ANX 中达到更高水平 (136.4 [15.0]；CON：124.0 [17.6] b min(-1))，并在前浸泡和第 3 至 7 分钟时升高 7.2 [2.1] b min(-1)。ANX [公式：见文本] 在前浸泡和第 5-6 分钟时更高。研究 2 的结果：重复浸泡使 CSR 适应。在 ANX 之前，焦虑更大 (CON 1.9 [2.3]，ANX 6.6 [4.8] cm)。在 ANX 中，在前浸泡和第 1-2、4-6 分钟时 f(c) 高于 CON；ANX f(c) 与前适应期的 CSR 不同。在第 1 分钟的浸泡 1 中，f(R) 高于 CON 的第 1 分钟 (min 1 CON 和 ANX)，随后在 CON 中超过 CSR。CSR (f(c)、V(E)) 的幅度和持续时间随着焦虑的增加而增加。焦虑会减少 CSR 适应。
