The Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus OH, USA. alistair.harrison@ nationwidechildrens.org
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2012 Mar 28;2:40. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2012.00040. eCollection 2012.
Haemophilus influenzae is a commensal of the human upper respiratory tract. H. influenzae can, however, move out of its commensal niche and cause multiple respiratory tract diseases. Such diseases include otitis media in young children, as well as exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), sinusitis, conjunctivitis, and bronchitis. During the course of colonization and infection, H. influenzae must withstand oxidative stress generated by multiple reactive oxygen species produced endogenously, by other co-pathogens and by host cells. H. influenzae has, therefore, evolved multiple mechanisms that protect the cell against oxygen-generated stresses. In this review, we will describe these systems relative to the well-described systems in Escherichia coli. Moreover, we will compare how H. influenzae combats the effect of oxidative stress as a necessary phenotype for its roles as both a successful commensal and pathogen.
流感嗜血杆菌是人体上呼吸道的共生菌。然而，流感嗜血杆菌可以脱离共生环境并引起多种呼吸道疾病。这些疾病包括幼儿中耳炎，以及慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）、鼻窦炎、结膜炎和支气管炎的恶化。在定植和感染过程中，流感嗜血杆菌必须承受由内源性、其他共病原体和宿主细胞产生的多种活性氧物质产生的氧化应激。因此，流感嗜血杆菌已经进化出多种保护细胞免受氧应激的机制。在这篇综述中，我们将描述这些系统相对于大肠杆菌中描述良好的系统。此外，我们将比较流感嗜血杆菌如何对抗氧化应激的影响，因为这是其作为成功共生菌和病原体的必要表型。
