Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
Clin Exp Allergy. 2012 Sep;42(9):1377-85. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2012.04032.x.
The literature is contradictory concerning pet exposure and risk of allergic disease in childhood especially among those with a family history of allergy.
To investigate the relationship between cat and dog exposure at birth and allergic outcomes over the first 12 years in a birth cohort selected for familial allergy.
A prospective birth cohort of 620 infants with a family history of allergic diseases was recruited. Data on pet keeping, family demographics and cord blood samples were collected at birth. Information on childhood wheeze, eczema and hay fever was collected 18 times in the first 2 years, at 7 years and at 12 years. Skin prick tests were conducted at 2, 7 and 12 years, and in parents. Regression analyses were used to investigate the relevant associations while adjusting for potential confounders.
Exposure to cats or dogs at birth showed a moderate reduction in risk of wheeze (aOR = 0.76; 95% CI 0.53, 1.09) and hay fever (aOR = 0.71; 0.49, 1.02) after 7 years of age. Protective effects were stronger in children of non-sensitized fathers (aOR wheeze 0.55; 0.31, 0.98; aOR hay fever 0.33; 0.15, 0.77 on exposure to cats alone, or cats or dogs at birth). Pet keeping was not related to cord blood IgE or sensitization from 2 to 12 years.
Pets at birth either decreased or had no effect on allergic disease up to age 12. We found no evidence that exposure to cats or dogs at birth increases the risk of allergic disease in high-risk children.
有关宠物暴露与儿童过敏性疾病风险的文献存在矛盾，尤其是在有家族过敏史的人群中。
在一个家族过敏的出生队列中，调查出生时接触猫和狗与过敏结局的关系，随访时间为 12 年。
前瞻性纳入 620 例有家族过敏史的婴儿出生队列。在出生时收集宠物饲养、家庭人口统计学和脐带血样本的数据。在出生后 2 年内、7 岁和 12 岁时，收集儿童喘息、湿疹和花粉热的信息。在 2、7 和 12 岁时以及在父母中进行皮肤点刺试验。回归分析用于调查相关关联，同时调整潜在的混杂因素。
出生时接触猫或狗与 7 岁后喘息（优势比[aOR] = 0.76；95%置信区间[CI] 0.53，1.09）和花粉热（aOR = 0.71；0.49，1.02）的风险呈中度降低相关。在未致敏父亲的儿童中，保护作用更强（aOR 喘息 0.55；0.31，0.98；aOR 花粉热 0.33；0.15，0.77，仅接触猫或出生时接触猫和狗）。从 2 岁到 12 岁，宠物饲养与脐带血 IgE 或致敏无关。
出生时接触宠物要么降低，要么对 12 岁以下的过敏性疾病没有影响。我们没有证据表明出生时接触猫或狗会增加高危儿童发生过敏性疾病的风险。
