Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Unidad de Trasplante Hematopoyético y Terapia Celular, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Arrixaca, Ctra. Madrid-Cartagena, El Palmar 3, 0120 Murcia, Spain.
Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2012 Nov 1;17(6):e1062-7. doi: 10.4317/medoral.17925.
In the last decade, tissue engineering is a field that has been suffering an enormous expansion in the regenerative medicine and dentistry. The use of cells as mesenchymal dental stem cells of easy access for dentist and oral surgeon, immunosuppressive properties, high proliferation and capacity to differentiate into odontoblasts, cementoblasts, osteoblasts and other cells implicated in the teeth, suppose a good perspective of future in the clinical dentistry. However, is necessary advance in the known of growth factors and signalling molecules implicated in tooth development and regeneration of different structures of teeth. Furthermore, these cells need a fabulous scaffold that facility their integration, differentiation, matrix synthesis and promote multiple specific interactions between cells. In this review, we give a brief description of tooth development and anatomy, definition and classification of stem cells, with special attention of mesenchymal stem cells, commonly used in the cellular therapy for their trasdifferentiation ability, non ethical problems and acceptable results in preliminary clinical trials. In terms of tissue engineering, we provide an overview of different types of mesenchymal stem cells that have been isolated from teeth, including dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), dental follicle progenitor stem cells (DFPCs), and stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs), growth factors implicated in regeneration teeth and types of scaffolds for dental tissue regeneration.
在过去的十年中，组织工程学是再生医学和牙科领域中发展迅速的一个领域。利用细胞作为间充质牙科干细胞，易于牙医和口腔外科医生获取、具有免疫抑制特性、高增殖能力以及分化为成牙本质细胞、成牙骨质细胞、成骨细胞和其他与牙齿相关的细胞的能力，为临床牙科的未来提供了良好的前景。然而，需要深入了解参与牙齿发育和不同牙齿结构再生的生长因子和信号分子。此外，这些细胞需要一个理想的支架，以促进它们的整合、分化、基质合成，并促进细胞之间的多种特定相互作用。在这篇综述中，我们简要描述了牙齿的发育和解剖结构、干细胞的定义和分类，特别关注间充质干细胞，因其具有转分化能力、不存在伦理问题以及在初步临床试验中取得了可接受的结果，而常用于细胞治疗。在组织工程学方面，我们概述了从牙齿中分离出的不同类型的间充质干细胞，包括牙髓干细胞（DPSCs）、人脱落乳牙干细胞（SHEDs）、牙周膜干细胞（PDLSCs）、牙囊祖细胞干细胞（DFPCs）和根尖乳头干细胞（SCAPs），以及参与牙齿再生的生长因子和用于牙齿组织再生的支架类型。
