Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology/Occupational Therapy, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 455, SE 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
Gerontologist. 2013 Aug;53(4):654-63. doi: 10.1093/geront/gns121. Epub 2012 Aug 30.
To examine independence in activities of daily living (ADL) at the 1- and 2-year follow-ups of the health-promoting study Elderly Persons in the Risk Zone.
A randomized, three-armed, single-blind, and controlled study. A representative sample of 459 independent and community-dwelling older adults, 80 years and older, were included. A preventive home visit was compared with four weekly multiprofessional senior group meetings including a follow-up home visit.
Analysis showed a significant difference in favor of the senior meetings in postponing dependence in ADL at the 1-year follow-up (odds ratio [OR] = 1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.19-3.10) and also in reducing dependence in three (OR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.31-0.86) and four or more ADL (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.22-0.72) at the 2-year follow-up. A preventive home visit reduced dependence in two (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.24-0.68) and three or more ADL (OR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.17-0.80) after 1 year.
A long-term evaluation of Elderly Persons in the Risk Zone showed that both senior meetings and a preventive home visit reduced the extent of dependence in ADL after 1 year. The senior meetings were superior to a preventive home visit since additional significant effects were seen after 2 years. To further enhance the long-term effects of the senior meetings and support the process of self-change in health behavior, it is suggested that booster sessions might be a good way of reinforcing the intervention.
在风险人群中的老年人健康促进研究的 1 年和 2 年随访中，检查日常生活活动（ADL）的独立性。
一项随机、三臂、单盲、对照研究。纳入了一个有代表性的样本，包括 459 名独立的、居住在社区的 80 岁以上的老年人。预防性家访与包括随访家访在内的每周四次多专业老年人小组会议进行了比较。
分析显示，在 1 年随访时，高级会议在推迟 ADL 依赖方面具有显著优势（优势比[OR] = 1.92，95%置信区间[CI] = 1.19-3.10），并且在减少 3 项（OR = 0.52，95% CI = 0.31-0.86）和 4 项或更多 ADL（OR = 0.40，95% CI = 0.22-0.72）方面也具有显著优势。在 2 年随访时，预防性家访减少了 2 项（OR = 0.40，95% CI = 0.24-0.68）和 3 项或更多 ADL（OR = 0.37，95% CI = 0.17-0.80）的依赖。
对风险人群中的老年人的长期评估表明，高级会议和预防性家访都可以在 1 年后减少 ADL 的依赖程度。高级会议优于预防性家访，因为在 2 年后还观察到了额外的显著效果。为了进一步增强高级会议的长期效果，并支持健康行为自我改变的过程，建议强化课程可能是加强干预的一种好方法。
