Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, N3:06, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
Diabetologia. 2013 Jan;56(1):1-9. doi: 10.1007/s00125-012-2694-y. Epub 2012 Sep 4.
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in both men and women. This is also true for patients with diabetes. In general, differences between the sexes are present in several areas, such as epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostics, treatment response and prognosis, as well as the way in which disease is experienced and expressed. Cardiovascular disease presents later in life in women, who are therefore more likely to suffer from comorbidities. However, this age-related difference is attenuated in women with diabetes, who suffer their first myocardial infarction at about the same age as men with diabetes. Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of cardiovascular disease by three to four times in women and two to three times in men, after adjusting for other risk factors. This paper describes the differences in cardiovascular disease in men and women and the special situation of women with type 2 diabetes when it comes to risk factors, symptoms and the setting of acute coronary syndromes. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of sex-specific analyses in clinical research to improve our knowledge of cardiovascular disease in women in general and in women with diabetes in particular. The importance of taking sex into account when treating women and men at risk of cardiovascular disease is discussed.
心血管疾病是男性和女性的主要死因。这对糖尿病患者也是如此。一般来说，性别差异存在于多个领域，如流行病学、病理生理学、诊断、治疗反应和预后，以及疾病的体验和表现方式。女性的心血管疾病发病较晚，因此更有可能患有合并症。然而，在患有糖尿病的女性中，这种与年龄相关的差异会减弱，她们首次发生心肌梗死的年龄与患有糖尿病的男性大致相同。调整其他危险因素后，糖尿病使女性患心血管疾病的风险增加 3 至 4 倍，使男性患心血管疾病的风险增加 2 至 3 倍。本文描述了男性和女性心血管疾病的差异，以及 2 型糖尿病女性在危险因素、症状和急性冠状动脉综合征治疗方面的特殊情况。此外，它强调了在临床研究中进行性别特异性分析的重要性，以提高我们对女性一般和糖尿病女性心血管疾病的认识。讨论了在治疗有心血管疾病风险的女性和男性时考虑性别的重要性。
