Ecole des Mines d'Alès, LGEI center, 6 avenue de Clavière, 30319 Alès Cedex, France.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2012 Nov;85:131-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.08.003. Epub 2012 Sep 1.
The presence of dyes in wastewater effluent of textile industry is well documented. In contrast, the endocrine disrupting effects of these dyes and wastewater effluent have been poorly investigated. Herein, we studied twenty-three commercial dyes, usually used in the textile industry, and extracts of blue jean textile wastewater samples were evaluated for their agonistic and antagonistic estrogen activity. Total estrogenic and anti-estrogenic activities were measured using the Yeast Estrogen Screen bioassay (YES) that evaluates estrogen receptor binding-dependent transcriptional and translational activities. The estrogenic potencies of the dyes and wastewater samples were evaluated by dose-response curves and compared to the dose-response curve of 17β-estradiol (E2), the reference compound. The dose-dependent anti-estrogenic activities of the dyes and wastewater samples were normalized to the known antagonistic effect of 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) on the induction of the lac Z reporter gene by E2. About half azo textile dyes have anti-estrogenic activity with the most active being Blue HFRL. Most azo dyes however have no or weak estrogenic activity. E2/dye or E2/waste water ER competitive binding assays show activity of Blue HFRL, benzopurpurine 4B, Everzol Navy Blue FBN, direct red 89 BNL 200% and waste water samples indicating a mechanism of action common to E2. Our results indicate that several textile dyes are potential endocrine disrupting agents. The presence of some of these dyes in textile industry wastewater may thus impact the aquatic ecosystem.
纺织工业废水中染料的存在已有充分的文献记载。相比之下，这些染料和废水的内分泌干扰作用却很少被研究过。在此，我们研究了 23 种常用于纺织工业的商业染料，以及蓝色牛仔裤纺织废水样品的提取物，以评估它们的激动剂和拮抗剂雌激素活性。总雌激素和抗雌激素活性采用酵母雌激素筛选生物测定法（YES）进行测量，该方法评估雌激素受体结合依赖性转录和翻译活性。通过剂量-反应曲线评估染料和废水样品的雌激素效力，并与参考化合物 17β-雌二醇（E2）的剂量-反应曲线进行比较。染料和废水样品的剂量依赖性抗雌激素活性与已知的 4-羟基他莫昔芬（4-OHT）对 E2 诱导 lac Z 报告基因的拮抗作用进行归一化。大约一半偶氮纺织染料具有抗雌激素活性，其中最活跃的是蓝色 HFRL。然而，大多数偶氮染料没有或只有微弱的雌激素活性。E2/染料或 E2/废水 ER 竞争性结合测定显示蓝色 HFRL、苯并蒽酮 4B、Everzol 海军蓝 FBN、直接红 89 BNL 200%和废水样品具有活性，表明与 E2 具有共同的作用机制。我们的结果表明，几种纺织染料是潜在的内分泌干扰物。因此，这些染料中的一些存在于纺织工业废水中可能会对水生生态系统产生影响。
