Altenburg A, Micheli C K, Maldini C, Mahr A, Puttkammer M, Zouboulis C C
Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie/Immunologisches Zentrum, Städtisches Klinikum Dessau, Auenweg 38, 06847, Dessau, Deutschland.
Hautarzt. 2012 Sep;63(9):693-703. doi: 10.1007/s00105-012-2354-7.
Recurrent aphthous ulcers are the most common inflammatory lesions of the oral mucosa, occurring in up to 10% of the population and even more common in children. The history, morphological characteristics, predilection sides and typical stages of aphthae help to distinguish them from other diseases that may exhibit aphthous-like lesions. Underlying diseases should be excluded. The main goals of therapy are to minimize pain and functional disabilities as well as decrease frequency and severity of recurrences. Topical symptomatic relief is the standard of care for simple cases of recurrent aphthosis. In cases of major aphthosis or systemic involvement, topical therapies are still useful but should be combined with systemic therapy, such as colchicine, pentoxifylline or prednisolone. In case of Adamantiades-Behçet disease, systemic immunomodulatory drugs can inhibit the development of new lesions. This overview summarizes morphological and presentation forms of aphthae, differential diagnoses and evidence-based therapeutic possibilities.
复发性阿弗他溃疡是口腔黏膜最常见的炎性病变，发病率高达10%，在儿童中更为常见。阿弗他溃疡的病史、形态特征、好发部位及典型阶段有助于将其与可能表现为阿弗他样病变的其他疾病相鉴别。应排除潜在疾病。治疗的主要目标是尽量减轻疼痛和功能障碍，以及减少复发频率和严重程度。局部对症治疗是复发性阿弗他溃疡简单病例的标准治疗方法。在重型阿弗他溃疡或全身受累的病例中，局部治疗仍然有效，但应与全身治疗相结合，如秋水仙碱、己酮可可碱或泼尼松龙。对于白塞病，全身免疫调节药物可抑制新病变的发生。本综述总结了阿弗他溃疡的形态和表现形式、鉴别诊断及循证治疗方法。
