Adamson Jason, Hughes Sophie, Azzopardi David, McAughey John, Gaça Marianna D
British American Tobacco, Group R&D, Regents Park Road, Southampton, SO, 15 8TL, UK.
Chem Cent J. 2012 Sep 10;6(1):98. doi: 10.1186/1752-153X-6-98.
Recently there has been a rapid increase in approaches to assess the effects of cigarette smoke in vitro. Despite a range of gravimetric and chemical methods, there is a requirement to identify simpler and more reliable methods to quantify in vitro whole smoke dose, to support extrapolation and comparisons to human/in vivo dose. We have previously characterised an in vitro exposure system using a Borgwaldt RM20S smoking machine and a chamber exposing cellular cultures to whole smoke at the air-liquid interface. In this study we demonstrate the utility of a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), using this exposure system, to assess real-time cigarette smoke particulate deposition during a 30 minute smoke exposure. Smoke was generated at various dilutions (1:5-1:400, smoke:air) using two cigarette products, 3R4F Kentucky reference and 1 mg commercially available cigarettes. The QCM, integrated into the chamber, assessed particulate deposition and data generated were compared to traditional chemical spectrofluorometric analysis.
The QCM chamber was able to detect mass differences between the different products within the nanogram range. 3R4F reference cigarette smoke deposition ranged from 25.75 ±2.30 μg/cm2 (1:5) to 0.22 ±0.03 μg/cm2 (1:400). 1 mg cigarette smoke deposition was less and ranged from 1.42 ±0.26 μg/cm2 (1:5), to 0.13 ±0.02 μg/cm2 (1:100). Spectrofluorometric analysis demonstrated statistically significant correlation of particulate deposition with the QCM (p < 0.05), and regression R2 value were 97.4 %. The fitted equation for the linear model which describes the relationship is: QCM = -0.6796 + 0.9744 chemical spectrofluorescence.
We suggest the QCM is a reliable, effective and simple tool that can be used to quantify smoke particulate deposition in real-time, in vitro and can be used to quantify other aerosols delivered to our chamber for assessment.
最近，体外评估香烟烟雾影响的方法迅速增加。尽管有一系列重量法和化学方法，但仍需要确定更简单、更可靠的方法来量化体外全烟雾剂量，以支持向人体/体内剂量的外推和比较。我们之前已经对一种体外暴露系统进行了表征，该系统使用博尔瓦尔特RM20S吸烟机和一个在气液界面将细胞培养物暴露于全烟雾的腔室。在本研究中，我们展示了使用该暴露系统的石英晶体微天平（QCM）在30分钟烟雾暴露期间评估实时香烟烟雾颗粒沉积的效用。使用两种香烟产品（3R4F肯塔基参考香烟和1毫克市售香烟）以各种稀释度（1:5 - 1:400，烟雾:空气）产生烟雾。集成到腔室中的QCM评估颗粒沉积，并将生成的数据与传统化学荧光光谱分析进行比较。
QCM腔室能够检测出不同产品之间纳克范围内的质量差异。3R4F参考香烟烟雾沉积范围为25.75±2.30μg/cm²（1:5）至0.22±0.03μg/cm²（1:400）。1毫克香烟烟雾沉积较少，范围为1.42±0.26μg/cm²（1:5）至0.13±0.02μg/cm²（1:100）。荧光光谱分析表明颗粒沉积与QCM具有统计学上的显著相关性（p < 0.05），回归R²值为97.4%。描述这种关系的线性模型的拟合方程为：QCM = -0.6796 + 0.9744化学荧光光谱。
我们认为QCM是一种可靠、有效且简单的工具，可用于实时、体外量化烟雾颗粒沉积，并且可用于量化输送到我们腔室进行评估的其他气溶胶。
