Hope Medical Clinic, Ypsilanti, MI, USA.
Am Fam Physician. 2012 Jun 1;85(11):1066-70.
The treatment of gastroenteritis in children focuses on preventing dehydration. A child with minimal or no dehydration should be encouraged to continue his or her usual diet plus drink adequate fluids. Many studies have shown that a child's regular diet reduces the duration of diarrhea. Oral rehydration therapy with a rehydration solution can be used to treat diarrhea in children with mild to moderate dehydration. Ondansetron can decrease vomiting or help avoid the need for intravenous fluid, but it increases episodes of diarrhea. Probiotics can be used to shorten the course of diarrhea. Good handwashing reduces the incidence of acute gastroenteritis, but not rotavirus. The introduction of two rotavirus vaccines in the United States in 2006 significantly reduced the incidence of rotavirus gastroenteritis. The oral, live vaccines have strong safety records, despite a minimal incidence of intussusception.
儿童肠胃炎的治疗重点在于预防脱水。对于仅有轻微或无脱水症状的患儿，应鼓励其继续正常饮食并摄入充足的液体。许多研究表明，患儿的日常饮食可以减少腹泻的持续时间。对于轻至中度脱水的患儿，可采用口服补液盐进行补液治疗以缓解腹泻症状。昂丹司琼可减少呕吐或避免静脉补液，但会增加腹泻的发作次数。益生菌可用于缩短腹泻病程。良好的手部卫生可降低急性肠胃炎的发病率，但对轮状病毒无效。2006 年美国引入两种轮状病毒疫苗后，轮状病毒肠胃炎的发病率显著降低。这两种口服、活疫苗的安全性记录良好，尽管肠套叠的发病率很低。
