Department of Psychology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2012 Dec;15(4):279-302. doi: 10.1007/s10567-012-0122-y.
It is well established that children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) frequently experience co-occurring mental health problems in addition to difficulties in their peer relationships. Although substantial research has focused on the extent to which peer functioning contributes to subsequent co-occurring mental health problems, much less research has considered how co-occurring mental health problems affect peer functioning domains. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to examine the effect of co-occurring mental health problems on the peer functioning of youth with ADHD. The impact of co-occurring externalizing (i.e., oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder) and internalizing (i.e., anxiety, depression) symptoms are reviewed, with a focus on whether these co-occurring symptoms exacerbate, attenuate, or have no effect across peer domains of social skills/competence, peer status, and friendship among youth with ADHD. Drawing from a developmental psychopathology framework, this review then draws attention to relevant causal processes and developmental cascades (including social-cognitive, affective, and family and parenting factors) in offering promising avenues for future work.
众所周知，患有注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的儿童和青少年除了在同伴关系中遇到困难外，还经常同时出现心理健康问题。尽管大量研究集中在同伴功能对随后同时出现的心理健康问题的影响程度上，但很少有研究考虑同时出现的心理健康问题如何影响同伴功能领域。因此，本综述的目的是检查同时出现的心理健康问题对 ADHD 青少年同伴功能的影响。审查了同时出现的外在（即对立违抗性障碍、品行障碍）和内在（即焦虑、抑郁）症状的影响，重点是这些同时出现的症状是否会加剧、减轻或对 ADHD 青少年的同伴社交技能/能力、同伴地位和友谊等领域没有影响。本综述借鉴发展心理病理学框架，提请注意相关的因果过程和发展级联（包括社会认知、情感以及家庭和养育因素），为未来的工作提供了有希望的途径。
