School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, Australia.
J Altern Complement Med. 2013 Jan;19(1):9-16. doi: 10.1089/acm.2011.0727. Epub 2012 Sep 11.
Preliminary evidence suggests that acupuncture applied proximally during a single bout of exercise can enhance exercise performance and/or expedite postexercise recovery. The purpose of this investigation was to review trials, systematically and critically, that have investigated such hypotheses and delineate areas for future research.
A systematic review using computerized databases was performed.
Four trials were found: Three involved within-subjects designs and one used a parallel group design. Few participants were enrolled (n=10-20). Fourteen acupuncture sites were used across the four trials: DU 20, LI 15, LI 13, PC 6, ST 36, SP 6, PC 5, LU 7, LI 4, GB 37, GB 39, GB 34, and LI 11, and LR 3. PC 6, and ST 36 were the most commonly used sites. Three trials evaluated the effect of acupuncture on exercise performance. One of these trials noted that electroacupuncture stimulation of either PC 5 and PC 6 or LU 7 and LI4 significantly increased peak power output, blood pressure, and rate pressure product (RPP) versus control. However, two trials documented no effect of acupuncture on exercise performance using point combinations of either DU 20, LI 15, LI 13, PC 6, ST 36, and SP 6 or DU 20, ST 36, GB 34, LI 11, LR 3. One trial evaluated the effect of acupuncture on postexercise recovery and found that heart rate, oxygen consumption, and blood lactate were significantly reduced secondary to acupuncturing of PC 6 and ST 36 versus control and placebo conditions at 30 or 60 minutes postexercise.
There is preliminary support for the use of acupuncture as a means to enhance exercise performance and postexercise recovery, but many limitations exist within this body of literature. Adequately powered, RCTs with thorough and standardized reporting of research methods (e.g., acupuncture and exercise interventions) and results are required to determine more adequately the effect of acupuncture methods on exercise performance and postexercise recovery. Future investigations should involve appropriate placebo methods and blinding of both participants and investigators.
初步证据表明，在单次运动过程中近端应用针刺可以提高运动表现和/或加速运动后恢复。本研究的目的是系统地和批判性地审查已调查此类假设的试验，并确定未来研究的领域。
使用计算机数据库进行系统评价。
发现了四项试验：三项涉及自身对照设计，一项采用平行组设计。参与者人数较少（n=10-20）。四项试验中使用了 14 个针刺穴位：督脉 20 穴、列缺 15 穴、列缺 13 穴、内关 6 穴、足三里 36 穴、三阴交 6 穴、内关 5 穴、手少阳三焦经 7 穴、手太阴肺经 4 穴、足少阳胆经 37 穴、足少阳胆经 39 穴、足少阳胆经 34 穴和手少阴心经 11 穴，内关 6 穴和足三里 36 穴是最常用的穴位。三项试验评估了针刺对运动表现的影响。其中一项试验指出，电针刺激内关 5 穴和内关 6 穴或手少阳三焦经 7 穴和手太阴肺经 4 穴显著增加了峰值功率输出、血压和心率血压乘积（RPP）与对照组相比。然而，两项试验记录了使用督脉 20 穴、足三里 36 穴、足少阳胆经 34 穴、手少阴心经 11 穴、手少阳三焦经 3 穴和足太阳膀胱经 6 穴的组合穴位或督脉 20 穴、足三里 36 穴、足太阳膀胱经 34 穴、手少阴心经 11 穴、手少阳三焦经 3 穴的组合穴位对运动表现没有影响。一项试验评估了针刺对运动后恢复的影响，发现与对照组和安慰剂组相比，针刺内关 6 穴和足三里 36 穴可使心率、耗氧量和血乳酸在运动后 30 或 60 分钟时显著降低。
有初步证据支持将针刺作为提高运动表现和运动后恢复的手段，但该文献中有许多局限性。需要进行充分的、随机对照试验，以彻底和标准化的报告研究方法（例如，针刺和运动干预）和结果，以更充分地确定针刺方法对运动表现和运动后恢复的影响。未来的研究应涉及适当的安慰剂方法，并对参与者和研究人员进行盲法。
