CIIMAR-Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Aquat Toxicol. 2012 Nov 15;124-125:209-16. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.08.010. Epub 2012 Aug 23.
The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of deltamethrin on biomarkers and behavior of Palaemon serratus (common prawn), since this attempt to link different levels of biological organization will allow determining which biomarkers might be ecologically relevant and will be useful to complement the information about the effects of pesticides by using behavioral parameters. Therefore, parameters of liver antioxidant status, energy metabolism and neurotransmission were determined in different tissues of the common prawn and used to assess the effects at sub-individual level, whereas swimming velocity was used to assess the effects at the individual level. It was also investigated if the swimming velocity can be used as an endpoint in ecotoxicology bioassays and if it can be as sensitive as biomarker endpoints. Swimming velocity was significantly reduced in prawns exposed to deltamethrin, showing a lowest observed effect (LOEC) of 0.6 ng L(-1). Eye acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was significantly increased in prawns exposed to 0.6, 1.2 and 2.4 ng L(-1) deltamethrin, whereas muscle cholinesterase (ChE) activity was significantly increased in prawns exposed to 19 and 39 ng L(-1). On the other hand, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was significantly increased in muscle of prawns exposed to 0.6, 1.2, 2.4, 4.9 ng L(-1) deltamethrin, showing that organisms were requiring additional energy, but probably using it for detoxification processes rather than locomotion, since swimming velocity was inhibited. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity was significantly increased in the digestive gland of common prawn exposed to 19 and 39 ng L(-1) deltamethrin. Catalase (CAT) activity was significantly increased in digestive gland of prawn exposed to 19 ng L(-1) deltamethrin. However, CAT activity decreased in digestive gland of prawn exposed to 39 ng L(-1), suggesting an antioxidant defense system failure concomitant with high levels of lipid peroxidation. Thus, global results showed that decreased swimming velocity was not associated with cholinesterase inhibition. In fact, the impairment of swimming velocity may be due to allocation of energy for detoxification and antioxidant protection instead of swimming activity. The present study showed that swimming velocity could be used as an ecologically relevant tool and a sensitive endpoint to assess and complement the study of pesticide effects on marine organisms.
本研究的主要目的是研究氯菊酯对脊尾白虾（普通对虾）生物标志物和行为的影响，因为这种将不同层次的生物组织联系起来的尝试可以确定哪些生物标志物可能具有生态相关性，并将有助于通过使用行为参数来补充有关农药影响的信息。因此，在普通对虾的不同组织中测定了肝抗氧化状态、能量代谢和神经递质的参数，用于评估亚个体水平的影响，而游泳速度用于评估个体水平的影响。还研究了游泳速度是否可用于生态毒理学生物测定中的终点，以及它是否与生物标志物终点一样敏感。暴露于氯菊酯的对虾的游泳速度显著降低，显示出最低观察效应（LOEC）为 0.6ng/L。暴露于 0.6、1.2 和 2.4ng/L 氯菊酯的对虾的眼乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）活性显著增加，而暴露于 19 和 39ng/L 氯菊酯的对虾的肌肉胆碱酯酶（ChE）活性显著增加。另一方面，肌肉中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性在暴露于 0.6、1.2、2.4、4.9ng/L 氯菊酯的对虾中显著增加，表明生物体需要额外的能量，但可能将其用于解毒过程而不是运动，因为游泳速度受到抑制。暴露于 19 和 39ng/L 氯菊酯的普通对虾的消化腺中谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶（GST）活性显著增加。暴露于 19ng/L 氯菊酯的对虾的消化腺中的过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性显著增加。然而，暴露于 39ng/L 氯菊酯的对虾的消化腺中的 CAT 活性降低，表明抗氧化防御系统失败伴随着高水平的脂质过氧化。因此，总体结果表明，游泳速度的降低与胆碱酯酶抑制无关。事实上，游泳速度的损害可能是由于能量分配用于解毒和抗氧化保护而不是游泳活动。本研究表明，游泳速度可用作生态相关工具和敏感终点，用于评估和补充农药对海洋生物的影响研究。
