Haste F M, Brooke O G, Anderson H R, Bland J M, Shaw A, Griffin J, Peacock J L
Department of Paediatrics, St George's Hospital Medical School, London.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1990 Jan;51(1):29-36. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/51.1.29.
The influence of smoking and social class on dietary intake in pregnancy was investigated in a random sample of smokers (greater than or equal to 15 cigarettes/d) and nonsmokers. A total of 206 subjects (94 smokers and 112 nonsmokers) completed a 7-d weighed dietary intake at 28 wk gestation and 178 completed a second assessment at 36 wk. Nonsmokers had higher intakes of almost all nutrients than did smokers and the nutrient density of their diet was greater. Energy intake was nonsignificantly higher in nonsmokers. Women in higher social classes had the highest nutrient intakes. Smokers were shorter than nonsmokers and tended to be of lower social class. After maternal height and social class were controlled for, smoking had a significant effect on intake of many micronutrients. Dietary intake was reduced in late pregnancy, particularly in smokers. These data suggest that smokers in all social classes have a poorer quality of diet.
在吸烟者（每天吸烟≥15支）和非吸烟者的随机样本中，研究了吸烟和社会阶层对孕期饮食摄入的影响。共有206名受试者（94名吸烟者和112名非吸烟者）在妊娠28周时完成了为期7天的饮食摄入量称重记录，178名受试者在36周时完成了第二次评估。非吸烟者几乎所有营养素的摄入量都高于吸烟者，且其饮食的营养密度更大。非吸烟者的能量摄入量略高，但无显著差异。社会阶层较高的女性营养素摄入量最高。吸烟者比非吸烟者矮，且往往社会阶层较低。在控制了母亲身高和社会阶层后，吸烟对多种微量营养素的摄入量有显著影响。妊娠后期饮食摄入量减少，尤其是吸烟者。这些数据表明，所有社会阶层的吸烟者饮食质量都较差。
