Laboratorio Internacional en Cambio Global (LINCGLOBAL), Esporles, España.
Conserv Biol. 2012 Dec;26(6):1005-15. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01928.x. Epub 2012 Sep 12.
Territorial user rights for fisheries have been advocated as a way to achieve sustainable resource management. However, few researchers have empirically assessed their potential as ancillary marine conservation instruments by comparing them to no-take marine protected areas. In kelp (Lessonia trabeculata) forests of central Chile, we compared species richness, density, and biomass of macroinvertebrates and reef fishes among territorial-user-right areas with low-level and high-level enforcement, no-take marine protected areas, and open-access areas in 42 100-m subtidal transects. We also assessed structural complexity of the kelp forest and substratum composition. Multivariate randomized permutation tests indicated macroinvertebrate and reef fish communities associated with the different access regimes differed significantly. Substratum composition and structural complexity of kelp forest did not differ among access regimes. Univariate analyses showed species richness, biomass, and density of macroinvertebrates and reef fishes were greater in highly enforced territorial-user-right areas and no-take marine protected areas than in open-access areas. Densities of macroinvertebrates and reef fishes of economic importance were not significantly different between highly enforced territorial-user-right and no-take marine protected areas. Densities of economically important macroinvertebrates in areas with low-level enforcement were significantly lower than those in areas with high-level enforcement and no-take marine protected areas but were significantly higher than in areas with open access. Territorial-user-right areas could be important ancillary conservation instruments if they are well enforced.
渔业的领土使用权一直被提倡作为实现可持续资源管理的一种方式。然而，很少有研究人员通过将其与禁捕海洋保护区进行比较，从实证上评估其作为辅助海洋保护工具的潜力。在智利中部的海带（Lessonia trabeculata）森林中，我们在 42 个 100 米的亚潮间带横截面上比较了低级别和高级别执法的领土使用权区、禁捕海洋保护区和开放准入区之间的大型无脊椎动物和珊瑚鱼类的物种丰富度、密度和生物量。我们还评估了海带森林的结构复杂性和基质组成。多元随机排列检验表明，与不同准入制度相关的大型无脊椎动物和珊瑚鱼类群落存在显著差异。准入制度之间海带森林的基质组成和结构复杂性没有差异。单变量分析表明，在高度执法的领土使用权区和禁捕海洋保护区中，大型无脊椎动物和珊瑚鱼类的物种丰富度、生物量和密度均高于开放准入区。经济重要性的大型无脊椎动物和珊瑚鱼类的密度在高度执法的领土使用权区和禁捕海洋保护区之间没有显著差异。低级别执法区经济重要性大型无脊椎动物的密度明显低于高级别执法区和禁捕海洋保护区，但明显高于开放准入区。如果得到有效执行，领土使用权区可能成为重要的辅助保护工具。
