Blanco Marta, Ospina-Álvarez Andres, González Catherine, Fernández Miriam
Núcleo Milenio - Centro de Conservación Marina CCM, Estación Costera de Investigaciones Marinas ECIM, Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
PLoS One. 2017 May 8;12(5):e0176758. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176758. eCollection 2017.
Fishing is a major source of human impact, reducing density and size of a wide range of exploited species in comparison to areas exhibiting strong regulations (no-take and partially protected areas, including Territorial Use Rights for Fisheries, TURFs). Since size and density might have important consequences on reproduction, and therefore natural re-seeding, we monitored adult size, density and potential fecundity of the keyhole limpet (Fissurella latimarginata) and the red sea urchin (Loxechinus albus) in areas under two fishing regimes (TURFs and Open Access Areas, OAAs). Analyzing the distribution of suitable habitats, we predict spatial patterns of potential egg production, to identify reproductive hotspots along the central coast of Chile. The current system of TURFs in central Chile showed higher potential egg production of F. latimarginata and of L. albus than expected under a complete OAAs scenario (67 and 52% respectively). Potential egg production showed more than a twofold reduction when the complete TURFs scenario was compared against complete OAAs condition in both species. Individual size and density explained between 60% and 100% of the variability in potential egg production, suggesting the importance of the enhancement of both biological variables in TURFs in Chile. Potential egg production for both species in the northern part of the studied domain was higher due to the combined effect of (a) suitable habitat and (b) concentration of TURFs. Our results suggest that partially protected areas, such as TURFs can significantly enhance the production of propagules that could seed exploited areas.
捕鱼是人类影响的一个主要来源，与有严格管理措施的区域（禁捕区和部分保护区，包括渔业领土使用权区，TURFs）相比，捕鱼会降低多种被捕捞物种的密度和体型大小。由于体型大小和密度可能对繁殖进而对自然补种产生重要影响，我们在两种捕鱼制度（TURFs和开放式捕捞区，OAAs）下，监测了钥匙孔帽贝（Fissurella latimarginata）和红海胆（Loxechinus albus）的成体大小、密度和潜在繁殖力。通过分析适宜栖息地的分布，我们预测了潜在产卵量的空间格局，以确定智利中部海岸的繁殖热点。智利中部当前的TURFs系统显示，F. latimarginata和L. albus的潜在产卵量高于完全开放式捕捞区（OAA）情景下的预期（分别为67%和52%）。将完全TURFs情景与完全OAA情景进行比较时，两种物种的潜在产卵量均减少了两倍多。个体大小和密度解释了潜在产卵量变异性的60%至100%，这表明在智利的TURFs中增强这两个生物学变量很重要。由于（a）适宜栖息地和（b）TURFs的集中分布的综合作用，研究区域北部两种物种的潜在产卵量更高。我们的结果表明，部分保护区，如TURFs，可以显著提高可用于补种捕捞区域的繁殖体的产量。
