Botero Maria, Macdonald Suzanne E, Miller Rowland S
Department of Psychology and Philosophy, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, 77341, USA.
Primates. 2013 Jan;54(1):21-6. doi: 10.1007/s10329-012-0327-1. Epub 2012 Sep 14.
This study examined the anxiety levels and social interactions of two orphan and four mother-reared adolescent chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in the Kasekela community at Gombe National Park, Tanzania. We used focal sampling in the field at Gombe to observe these adolescent individuals. Their social interactions and anxious behavior, measured as rough scratching, were recorded. The two orphans differed from others of a similar age by exhibiting higher levels of anxiety and lower levels of play. These results suggest that a mother's absence, even in naturalistic conditions in which other members of the community are available to the orphan, may have long-lasting impact on an adolescent's anxiety and its ability to engage in complex social interactions, such as play.
本研究调查了坦桑尼亚贡贝国家公园卡塞凯拉群落中两只孤儿黑猩猩和四只由母亲抚养长大的青少年黑猩猩（黑猩猩指名亚种）的焦虑水平和社交互动情况。我们在贡贝的野外使用焦点取样法观察这些青少年个体。记录了它们的社交互动以及以剧烈抓挠衡量的焦虑行为。这两只孤儿黑猩猩与其他同龄黑猩猩不同，表现出更高的焦虑水平和更低的玩耍水平。这些结果表明，即使在有群落其他成员陪伴孤儿的自然环境中，母亲的缺失可能会对青少年的焦虑及其参与复杂社交互动（如玩耍）的能力产生长期影响。
