Department of Clinical Genetics, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.
Int J Behav Med. 2013 Dec;20(4):514-21. doi: 10.1007/s12529-012-9263-0.
Lifestyle influences breast cancer risk. Women at increased familial risk may benefit from modifying behaviour, but it is not known to what extent they do so.
This study aims to measure changes that UK (Scottish) women make in response to increased familial risk of breast cancer and attitudes to a risk-reduction trial.
A questionnaire, completed by 140 "breast cancer family" clinic patients, generated data on habitual diet, alcohol consumption and exercise, changes made after learning of breast cancer risk and attitudes to possible further changes. Subgroups of patients were defined by criteria likely to influence changes in behaviour. Between-group differences were analysed by Fisher's exact test and overall correlations by linear regression.
Thirty-six subjects (26 %) reported no behavioural change but, overall, around 25 % of diet, exercise and alcohol items had been changed. Women perceiving their lifetime cancer risk to be high (>50 %) and those who were obese (BMI >25) had made significantly more changes than others. Younger women (<40 years) and those with daughters had made fewer changes. Almost all suggested elements of a risk-reduction trial were strongly supported.
Scottish women at increased risk of breast cancer have scope for protective changes in lifestyle and support a risk-reduction trial. The needs of younger women and of those with daughters should be addressed in its design.
生活方式会影响乳腺癌的发病风险。家族乳腺癌风险增加的女性可能会受益于行为改变，但目前尚不清楚她们在多大程度上进行了这种改变。
本研究旨在衡量英国（苏格兰）女性在得知乳腺癌家族风险增加后，为降低乳腺癌风险而做出的改变以及对降低风险试验的态度。
通过对 140 名“乳腺癌家族”诊所患者完成的问卷调查，获取关于习惯性饮食、饮酒和锻炼的数据，以及了解乳腺癌风险后做出的改变以及对可能进一步改变的态度。通过可能影响行为改变的标准定义患者亚组。通过 Fisher 精确检验分析组间差异，通过线性回归分析总体相关性。
36 名患者（26%）报告没有行为改变，但总体而言，约有 25%的饮食、锻炼和饮酒项目发生了改变。认为自己终生患癌风险高（>50%）和肥胖（BMI>25）的女性比其他人做出了更多的改变。年轻女性（<40 岁）和有女儿的女性做出的改变较少。几乎所有建议的降低风险试验的要素都得到了强烈支持。
乳腺癌风险增加的苏格兰女性有机会在生活方式上做出保护改变，并支持降低风险的试验。在设计试验时，应考虑到年轻女性和有女儿的女性的需求。
