人类 DNA 疫苗的未来。
The future of human DNA vaccines.
机构信息
Vaxine Pty Ltd, Bedford Park, Adelaide 5042, Australia.
出版信息
J Biotechnol. 2012 Dec 31;162(2-3):171-82. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.08.012. Epub 2012 Sep 7.
DNA vaccines have evolved greatly over the last 20 years since their invention, but have yet to become a competitive alternative to conventional protein or carbohydrate based human vaccines. Whilst safety concerns were an initial barrier, the Achilles heel of DNA vaccines remains their poor immunogenicity when compared to protein vaccines. A wide variety of strategies have been developed to optimize DNA vaccine immunogenicity, including codon optimization, genetic adjuvants, electroporation and sophisticated prime-boost regimens, with each of these methods having its advantages and limitations. Whilst each of these methods has contributed to incremental improvements in DNA vaccine efficacy, more is still needed if human DNA vaccines are to succeed commercially. This review foresees a final breakthrough in human DNA vaccines will come from application of the latest cutting-edge technologies, including "epigenetics" and "omics" approaches, alongside traditional techniques to improve immunogenicity such as adjuvants and electroporation, thereby overcoming the current limitations of DNA vaccines in humans.
自发明以来，DNA 疫苗在过去 20 年中得到了极大的发展，但尚未成为传统蛋白质或碳水化合物为基础的人类疫苗的竞争替代品。虽然安全性问题是最初的障碍，但与蛋白质疫苗相比，DNA 疫苗的弱点仍然是其较差的免疫原性。已经开发了多种策略来优化 DNA 疫苗的免疫原性，包括密码子优化、遗传佐剂、电穿孔和复杂的初级-增强方案，每种方法都有其优点和局限性。虽然这些方法都为 DNA 疫苗的功效带来了渐进式的提高，但如果人类 DNA 疫苗要在商业上取得成功，还需要更多的努力。这篇综述预计，人类 DNA 疫苗的最终突破将来自于最新尖端技术的应用，包括“表观遗传学”和“组学”方法，以及传统的提高免疫原性的技术，如佐剂和电穿孔，从而克服 DNA 疫苗在人类中的当前局限性。
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