Departamento de Genética, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes, Edificio Gregor Mendel, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, CeiA3, ES-14071 Córdoba, Spain.
Ann Bot. 2012 Nov;110(6):1161-71. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcs201. Epub 2012 Sep 14.
Waxy proteins are responsible for amylose synthesis in wheat seeds, being encoded by three waxy genes (Wx-A1, Wx-B1 and Wx-D1) in hexaploid wheat. In addition to their role in starch quality, waxy loci have been used to study the phylogeny of wheat. The origin of European spelt (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta) is not clear. This study compared waxy gene sequences of a Spanish spelt collection with their homologous genes in emmer (T. turgidum ssp. dicoccum), durum (T. turgidum ssp. durum) and common wheat (T. aestivum ssp. aestivum), together with other Asian and European spelt that could be used to determine the origin of European spelt.
waxy genes were amplified and sequenced. Geneious Pro software, DNAsp and MEGA5 were used for sequence, nucleotide diversity and phylogenetic analysis, respectively.
Three, four and three new alleles were described for the Wx-A1, Wx-B1 and Wx-D1 loci, respectively. Spelt accessions were classified into two groups based on the variation in Wx-B1, which suggests that there were two different origins for the emmer wheat that has been found to be part of the spelt genetic make-up. One of these groups was only detected in Iberian material. No differences were found between the rest of the European spelt and the Asiatic spelt, which suggested that the Iberian material had a different origin from the other spelt sources.
The results suggested that the waxy gene variability present in wheat is undervalued. The evaluation of this variability has permitted the detection of ten new waxy alleles that could affect starch quality and thus could be used in modern wheat breeding. In addition, two different classes of Wx-B1 were detected that could be used for evaluating the phylogenetic relationships and the origins of different types of wheat.
蜡质蛋白负责小麦种子中直链淀粉的合成，在六倍体小麦中由三个蜡质基因（Wx-A1、Wx-B1 和 Wx-D1）编码。除了在淀粉质量方面的作用外，蜡质基因座还被用于研究小麦的系统发育。欧洲斯佩尔特小麦（Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta）的起源尚不清楚。本研究比较了西班牙斯佩尔特小麦群体的蜡质基因序列及其同源基因在普通小麦（T. aestivum ssp. aestivum）、硬粒小麦（T. turgidum ssp. durum）和二粒小麦（T. turgidum ssp. dicoccum）中的序列，同时还比较了其他亚洲和欧洲的斯佩尔特小麦，以确定欧洲斯佩尔特小麦的起源。
扩增和测序蜡质基因。使用 Geneious Pro 软件、DNAsp 和 MEGA5 分别进行序列、核苷酸多样性和系统发育分析。
描述了 Wx-A1、Wx-B1 和 Wx-D1 基因座的三个、四个和三个新等位基因。根据 Wx-B1 的变异，将斯佩尔特小麦分为两组，这表明在构成斯佩尔特小麦遗传组成的二粒小麦中存在两个不同的起源。其中一组仅在伊比利亚材料中检测到。其他欧洲斯佩尔特小麦和亚洲斯佩尔特小麦之间没有发现差异，这表明伊比利亚材料与其他斯佩尔特小麦来源的起源不同。
结果表明，小麦中存在的蜡质基因多样性被低估了。对这种变异性的评估检测到了 10 个新的蜡质等位基因，这些等位基因可能影响淀粉质量，因此可用于现代小麦育种。此外，检测到两种不同类型的 Wx-B1，可用于评估不同类型小麦的系统发育关系和起源。
