Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
Plant Commun. 2021 Sep 2;2(5):100237. doi: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100237. eCollection 2021 Sep 13.
Starch is a vital energy source for living organisms and is a key raw material and additive in the food and non-food industries. Starch has received continuous attention in multiple research fields. The endosperm of cereals (e.g., rice, corn, wheat, and barley) is the most important site for the synthesis of storage starch. Around 2010, several excellent reviews summarized key progress in various fields of starch research, serving as important references for subsequent research. In the past 10 years, many achievements have been made in the study of starch synthesis and regulation in cereals. The present review provides an update on research progress in starch synthesis of cereal endosperms over the past decade, focusing on new enzymes and non-enzymatic proteins involved in starch synthesis, regulatory networks of starch synthesis, and the use of elite alleles of starch synthesis-related genes in cereal breeding programs. We also provide perspectives on future research directions that will further our understanding of cereal starch biosynthesis and regulation to support the rational design of ideal quality grain.
淀粉是生物的重要能量来源，是食品和非食品工业的关键原料和添加剂。淀粉在多个研究领域受到持续关注。谷物的胚乳（如大米、玉米、小麦和大麦）是合成储存淀粉的最重要场所。大约在 2010 年，有几篇优秀的综述总结了淀粉研究各个领域的关键进展，为后续研究提供了重要参考。在过去的 10 年中，在谷物淀粉合成的研究中取得了许多成果。本综述介绍了过去十年中关于谷物胚乳淀粉合成的研究进展，重点介绍了参与淀粉合成的新酶和非酶蛋白、淀粉合成的调控网络以及在谷物育种计划中利用淀粉合成相关基因的优良等位基因。我们还对未来的研究方向提供了一些看法，这将有助于我们进一步了解谷物淀粉的生物合成和调控，以支持理想品质谷物的合理设计。
