Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, TN 38152, USA.
Cogn Sci. 2012 Nov-Dec;36(8):1404-26. doi: 10.1111/j.1551-6709.2012.01269.x. Epub 2012 Sep 17.
A variety of theoretical frameworks predict the resemblance of behaviors between two people engaged in communication, in the form of coordination, mimicry, or alignment. However, little is known about the time course of the behavior matching, even though there is evidence that dyads synchronize oscillatory motions (e.g., postural sway). This study examined the temporal structure of nonoscillatory actions-language, facial, and gestural behaviors-produced during a route communication task. The focus was the temporal relationship between matching behaviors in the interlocutors (e.g., facial behavior in one interlocutor vs. the same facial behavior in the other interlocutor). Cross-recurrence analysis revealed that within each category tested (language, facial, gestural), interlocutors synchronized matching behaviors, at temporal lags short enough to provide imitation of one interlocutor by the other, from one conversational turn to the next. Both social and cognitive variables predicted the degree of temporal organization. These findings suggest that the temporal structure of matching behaviors provides low-level and low-cost resources for human interaction.
各种理论框架预测了在进行交流的两个人之间的行为相似性，这种相似性表现为协调、模仿或对齐的形式。然而，尽管有证据表明双元体同步振荡运动（例如，姿势摆动），但对于行为匹配的时间过程知之甚少。本研究考察了在路线交流任务中产生的非振荡动作（语言、面部和手势行为）的时间结构。重点是对话者之间匹配行为的时间关系（例如，一个对话者的面部行为与另一个对话者的相同面部行为）。交叉递归分析表明，在所测试的每个类别中（语言、面部、手势），对话者在下一个对话轮次中，以短到足以模仿另一个对话者的时间延迟，同步匹配行为。社会和认知变量都预测了时间组织的程度。这些发现表明，匹配行为的时间结构为人类交互提供了低级和低成本的资源。
